Suppression of Fire

by: Narciso, Mara Dulce S.

Definition of Fire Suppression

- Fire Suppression refers to the firefighting
tactics used to suppress fires. The fire
fighting effort requires techniques,
equipment, and training in the fire fighting
more particularly in a populated areas.

Fire Suppression Activities

1.FIRE PREVENTION
-it is intended to reduce sources of ignition ,
and is partially focused on programs to
educate people from starting fires. Buildings,
especially schools and tall buildings often
conduct fire drills to inform and prepare
citizens on how to react to a building fire.

2. FIRE CONTROL
it consists of depriving a fire of fuel- reducing
agent,oxygen-oxidizing agent, heat or the
chemical chain reaction that are necessary to
sustain itself or re-kindle it.Structure fires maybe
attacked, either by "interior" or "exterior"
resources,or both. Interior crews, using the "two
in"," two out" rule, may advance hose lines
inside the building,find the fire and control it with
water.Exterior crews may direct water into
windows or other openings or against other
nearby fuels exposed to the initial fire.

3.FIRE FIGHTING
-it is the act of extinguishing destructive fires . A
firefighter fights these fire to prevent destruction
of life property and environment . Firefighting is a
highly technical profession which requires years
of training and education in order to become
proficient . Firefighters use fire equipment, water
supply resources such as water mains and fire
hydrants or they might use A and B class foam
depending on what is feeding the fire.

4.FIRE SAFETY
-refers to the precautions that are taken to prevent
or reduced the likelihood of a fire that may result
in death, injury or property damage, alert those
in a structure to the presence of fire in the event
one occurs, better enable those threatened by a
fire to survive or to reduced the damage caused
by a fire.Fire safety measures include those that
are planned during the construction of a building
or implemented in a structures that are taught to
occupants of the building.

5.FIRE PROTECTION
-is the study and practiced of mitigating the
unwanted effects of fires.It involves the study of
behavior,compartmentalisation, suppression and
investigation of fire and its related
emergencies,as well as the research and
development ,production, testing and the
application of mitigating systems.In structures,
the owners and operators are responsible to
maintain their facilities in accordance with what
is prescribe by laws, including building and fire
code.

STRUCTURAL FIRE
PROTECTION
1.PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
-this is the used of integral, fire resistance
rated wall and floor assemblies that are
used to form fire compartments intended
to limit the spread of fire, or occupancy
separations,or firewalls,to keep fires within
the fire compartment of origin,thus
enabling firefighting and evacuation.

2. ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

-this is the manual and automatic detection of
suppression of fires, as in using and installing a
fire sprinkler system or finding the fire-fire alarm
or extingguishing it.
3.FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION
-it is ensuring that building owners and operators
have copies and a working understanding of the
applicable fire codes,having a purpose designed
fire safety plan and ensuring that building
occupants, operators and emergency personnel
know the building.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1.SPRINKLER SYSTEM
-a sprinkler system is an integrated system
of underground and overhead piping
designed in accordance with fire
protection engineering standards and
connected to one or more automatic water
supplies . The system is usually activated
by heat from a fire, and the sprinkler
heads then discharge water over the fire
area.

3.STANDPIPE SYSTEM
-many high-rise or other large building have
an internal system or water mainsstandpipe, connected to the fire-hose
stations. Trained occupants or employees
of the building management operate the
hose until the fire department arrive. Fire
fighters can also connect their hoses to
outlets near the fire.

3.ALARM SYSTEM
-building may also equipped with the detection
systems that will transmit an alarm. Some
detectors are designed to responed to smoke
and others heat. In many places, detection
systems are required in public buildings,
apartment houses, and sometimes even in
private homes.

WAYS IN EXTINGUISHING FIRE

1.COOLING OR QUENCHING
- this first way of extinguishing fire is by
cooling.This cooling process removes the heat
from a fire.This is possible through water's ability
to absorb massive amounts of heat by
converting to steam.Without the heat the fuel no
longer has the condition required to produced
oxygen to sustain the fire.This is done through
the use of water,and the temperature of the
substance is lowered below the burning point.

2.SMOTHERING OR BLANKETING
-when water is heated to its boiling point it converts to a
gas called water vapor or steam.When this conversion
takes place it dilutes the oxygen in the air.This lower the
amount of oxygen in the air below what a flames
requires to burn.The oxygen content of air is reduced
below 15% from normal of 21% in volume by using
chemicals,fog, sand blankets,etc.

3.STARVING AND CUTTING-OFF

- another way to extinguish a fire fuel
removal.This can be accomplished by
stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel
or by removing solid fuel in the path of a
fire.Or, allowing the fire to burn until all the
fuel is consumed.At that point,the fire will
self extinguish.The supply of fuel or
material is cut off, as in gas jet.

4.CHEMICAL FLAME INHIBITION

- the fourth and final way of extinguishing
fire is by chemical flame inhibition. This
can be accomplished through some dry
chemical and halogenated agents . These
agents interrupt the combustion reaction
and stop flaming . This method is effective
on gas and liquid fuels because they must
flame to burn.