Islam Perspectives on

Coronary Heart Disease

Prof.Dr.dr. H. Rusdi Lamsudin
SpS(K), M.Med.SC

Is a muscle about the size of your fist

Weighs approximately one pound
Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone
Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute

The function of the heart is to circulate blood

throughout the body by:

Pumping blood through the lungs removes carbon dioxide

and refreshes the blood with oxygen
The oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide
oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products.
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood
and oxygen to the heart muscle.

Blood Supply To The Heart

2 coronary arteries branch
from the main aorta just
above the aortic valve. No
larger than drinking straws,
they divide and encircle the
heart to cover its surface
with a lacy network that
reminded physicians of a
slightly crooked crown
(coronary comes from the
Latin coronarius, belonging
to a crown or wreath). They
carry out about 130 gallons
of blood through the heart
muscle daily. (Clark, 119)

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is one of the most common
and serious effects of aging. Fatty deposits build up in
blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for
the movement of blood. The resulting condition,
called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual
blockage of the coronary arteries and a heart attack.

Cardiovascular disease claimed 39.4 percent of all

deaths or 1 of every 2.5 deaths in the United States in
2000. CVD was about 60 percent of total mention
mortality. This means that of over 2,400,000 deaths
from all causes, CVD was listed as a primary or
contributing cause on about 1,415,000 death certificates.
(American Heart Disease)

Since 1900, CVD has been the No. 1 killer in the United States
every year but 1918.
Nearly 2,600 Americans die of CVD each day, an average of 1
death every 33 seconds.
CVD claims more lives each year than the next 5 leading causes of
death combined, which are cancer, chronic lower respiratory
diseases, accidents, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia.
Almost 150,000 Americans killed by CVD each year are under age
65.

Signs and Symptoms

Chest
Pain

None

Signs &
Symptoms

Shortness
Of Breath

Heart
Attack

None: This is referred to as silent

ischemia. Blood to your heart may be
restricted due to CAD, but you dont
feel any effects.
Chest pain: If your coronary arteries
cant supply enough blood to meet the
oxygen demands of your heart, the
result may be chest pain called angina.
Shortness of breath: Some people may
not be aware they have CAD until they
develop symptoms of congestive heart
failure- extreme fatigue with exertion,
shortness of breath and swelling in
their feet and ankles.
Heart attack: Results when an artery to
your heart muscle becomes completely
blocked and the party of your heart
muscles fed by that artery dies.

can, and
does, occur in almost any artery in the
body. But in the heart its effects can be
crucial. The body depends on a strong
pumping heart to circulate life-giving
blood, and this includes to the heart
muscle itself. If the coronary arteries
become blocked, the cardiac muscle
begins to fail, and so the blood circulation
decreases, which includes the circulation
to the heart muscle itself. (Thibodeau,
494)

High blood cholesterol

High blood pressure
Smoking
Obesity
Lack of physical activity

Risk Factors
Uncontrollable
Sex
Hereditary

Controllable
High blood
pressure

Race

High blood
cholesterol

Age

Smoking
Physical activity
Obesity
Diabetes
Stress and anger

Screening and Diagnosis

su
pp
ly

sp
ec
i fi
c

show s

Coronary
Angiography
g in
Narrow in

coronaries

Stress
Test

to
he
ar t

es
s
l
pu
im

blo
od

Electrocardiogram

me
asu
res

of
es
Sit

ele ctrical

me
as
ur
es

Blood tests: used to evaluate kidney and

thyroid function as well as to check
cholesterol levels and the presence of
anemia.
Chest X-ray: shows the size of your heart and
whether there is fluid build up around the
heart and lungs.
Echocardiogram: shows a graphic outline of
the hearts movement
Ejection fraction (EF): determines how well
your heart pumps with each beat.

Many people are able to manage

coronary artery disease with lifestyle
changes and medications.
Other people with severe coronary
artery disease may need angioplasty or
surgery.

Treatment (continued)
1) Stenting
a stent is introduced into a blood vessel on a balloon
catheter and advanced into the blocked area of the artery
the balloon is then inflated and causes the stent to expand
until it fits the inner wall of the vessel, conforming to
contours as needed
the balloon is then deflated and drawn back
The stent stays in place permanently, holding the vessel
open and improving the flow of blood.

Treatment
(continued)

2) Angioplasty
a balloon catheter is passed through the guiding catheter to the
area near the narrowing. A guide wire inside the balloon catheter is
then advanced through the artery until the tip is beyond the
narrowing.
the angioplasty catheter is moved over the guide wire until the
balloon is within the narrowed segment.
balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall
once plaque has been compressed and the artery has been
sufficiently opened, the balloon catheter will be deflated and
removed.

Treatment (continued)
3) Bypass surgery
healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest
blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart
the bypass graft enables blood to reach your heart by flowing
around (bypassing)
the blocked portion
of the diseased
artery. The increased
blood flow reduces
angina and the risk
of heart attack.

Get regular medical checkups.

Control your blood pressure.
Check your cholesterol.
Dont smoke.
Exercise regularly.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Eat a heart-healthy diet.
Manage stress and anger

Citations
1.

Insel, Paul Core Concepts in Health McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002

2.

Clark, John A Visual Guide to the Human Body Barnes & Noble Books, 2001

3.

Thibodeau, Gary, Ph.D. Anatomy & Physiology Mosby Books, 2000

4.

Marieb, Elaine R.N., Ph.D. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Pearson Education, 2003

5.

American Heart Association, Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, 2003 Update

6.

www.Guidant.com

7.

www.Webmd.com

8.

www.Spotlighthealth.com

9.

Mayoclinic.com

10. Americanheart.org
11. Azheart.com

KARAKTERISTIK & POLA HIDUP

Pasti
* Merokok
* Minum alkohol
* Kecanduan obat bius
* Umur

Mungkin
* Pil KB
* Diet Tinggi lemak
* Obesitas
* Tipe Kepribadian A
* Kurang aktifitas fisik (olahraga)

PENYAKIT
Pasti
* Hipertensi
* HMT >>
* Diabetes Mellitus
* Kadar Fibrinogen >>
* Hiperkholesterolemia

Mungkin
* Asam Urat >>
* Hypothyroidisme

HIPERTENSI DI INDONESIA
Tidak tahu bahwa menderita hipertensi
Tahu menderita, tapi tidak diobati
Tahu menderita, diobati, tapi tidak teratur, dan
tensi tidak terkendali
Tahu menderita, diobati, teratur, dan tensi
terkendali (5%)
Prevalensi 10%-15% (usia >35 tahun)
Yang berpotensi untuk mendapatkan serangan
stroke;
95% x 10% x 125 juta (usia >35 tahun) =
11.875.000 orang

APA YANG HARUS DIKERJAKAN DAN

BAGAIMANA MENGERJAKANNYA

Sebelum terjadi serangan jantung koroner

setelah terjadi serangan jantung koroner

APA YANG HARUS DIKERJAKAN DAN

BAGAIMANA MENGERJAKAN?
SEBELUM TERJADI SERANGAN JANTUNG
KORONER
Mengendalikan faktor risiko
(yang dapat dikendalikan)

FaktorRisiko
& Prevensi primer dari serangan
jantung koroner

Tidak bisa dicegah

Umur

Bisa dicegah

Jenis kelamin Lelaki (>

20%)

Hipertensi (4-5x)

Riwayat Keluarga

Merokok (2-3x)

Fibrilasi atrial (5-15x)

Diabetes (2-3x)
Hypercholesterolemia (2x)

Usaha pencegahan primer

serangan jantung koroner
Apabila menderita hipertensi, kontrol teratur,
kendalikan hipertensi
Apabila merokok, stop merokok
Apabila menderita diabetes, kontrol teratur,
kendalikan diabetes
Olahraga teratur
Kesimbangan diet
Informasikan kepada keluarga yang mempunyai
faktor resiko untuk mengikuti usaha pencegahan
primer serangan jantung koroner
Kendalikan stress dan marah

Tauhid (iman, taqwa, ikhlas)

Psikologis, sosial, ekonomi
Prevensi
primer

FR

R/

Sembuh

Sehat

Serangan jantung
koroner

Outcome

Cacat
Mati

Pathofisiologi
D/

P/

Indonesia

Kualitas pribadi mukmin

Iman
Tauhid

Taqwa

Pasrah
pd Allah

Ikhlas
Innaddina inda llahi l-islam
(Al Imron, 19)

Menjalankan
segala perintah dan meng
hentikan segala
larangan
Allah SWT

Makan yang berlebihan

Hipertensi
Hiperkholesterolemia
Diabetes mellitus
Kegemukan
Kadar as.urat >>>
Surat Al Araaf, ayat 31

Hadits 1,
Hadits 2,

Merokok
Merusak Kesehatan

Pemborosan
Fatwa MUI ?

Makruh

Haram ?

1. Maklumat Raja Ibnu Saud (23/4/1926)

2. Al Israa, 26
3. Bani Israil, 26-27
4. Al Baqarah, 195

Pengendalian Hipertensi
Makan secukupnya

Al Araaf, 31

Olahraga

Al Anfaal, 60

Puasa, Zikrullah

Al Baqarah, 183-184,
Ar Rad, 28, Hadits

Kontrol teratur

Al Israa, ayat 82
Dan kami turunkan dari Al
Quran sesuatu yang
menjadi penyembuh dan
rahmat bagi orang-orang
yamg beriman

Tuntunan Sehat Rasullullah

Selama hidup 2 kali sakit

Waktu menerima wahyu pertama

Waktu akan meninggal

Shalat subuh tepat waktu

Tidur teratur
Makan yang halal dan thoyib
Bersih diri dan menjaga kesehatan lingkungan
Gosok Gigi teratur
Puasa Ramadhan dan puasa Sunnah
Tidak marah
Ikhlas dan sabar dapat mengatasi stress
Tidak iri hati dan dengki
Olahraga
Ajarilah anakmu olahraga (HR Dailami)
Hidup keseharian jalan kaki