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Spectrum
Instructions
Duration of Lesson: 60 Min
Read through this powerpoint presentation and
attempt the EM wave quiz
You can also find this chapter in your textbook,
chapter :
The grades of the quiz will be taken into you CA for semester 2, and
you can only do it ONCE, so please make sure you understand the
content of this unit.
Introduction
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to
Electromagnetic wave
Produced by Simultaneous vibration
Electric field
Magnetic field
Electric field
Magnetic field
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/viewtopic.php?t=52
Highest
Shortest
x-rays
Ultra-violet Visible
ray
light
Infrared ray
Microwave
Radio wave
Lowest
Longest
Properties of EM Wave
1. All electromagnetic waves are transverse
wave
v =f x
Where v = speed of wave (m/s)
f = frequency of wave (Hz)
= wavelength (m)
v =f x
Overview of EM waves
Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Transverse Waves
Sound waves
Electromagnetic Waves
Classified into
Properties
Comprises of
Radiowave
Microwave
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infra-Red
Ultra-Violet
Light
Applications
Gamma ray
X-ray
Gamma rays
Gamma rays have the shortest
wavelengths and highest
frequencies in the EM spectrum.
It is generated by :
Changes in energy levels in the nucleus
X-rays
X rays is generated by :
a) Rapid deleceration of fast moving
electrons
b) Changes in energy of innermost orbital
electrons
X-rays are used for :
diagnostic tool in dentistry and medicine.
Doctors and dentists can examine the
condition of a persons bones, the root of
this teeth or the state of other inner part of
the body.
Custom officers at airports inspect the
content of your luggage using X-rays.
Industry wise, it is used to find cracks in
structures just like cracks in bones.
Ultra-violet
The main source of ultra-violet radiation is sunlight and it is this
radiation which gives rise to suntan and also sunburn.
Ultra-violet radiation is used in hospitals to sterilize the surgical
instruments and operating theatres as it kills bacteria and viruses.
UV can be detected by:
a) Photographic plates
b) Photoelectric cell
c) Fluorescence
Visible Light
Visible light is the part of the EM
spectrum which can be detected by the
human eye.
The visible light has its own spectrum
which consist of the 7 colours of light :
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo
Violet
An example of visible light is the
colourful laser light or the light from a
firework.
Some of the uses of light is in
optical fibres in medicine and
telecommunications.
Infra-red waves
Heat can be transferred through infrared
radiation.
We often think of infra red as being the same
thing as 'heat', because it makes our skin feel
warm.
Most of you might have seen infra-red waves in use
during the SARS period. (picture on the top right hand
corner). It shows a thermo-detector which is placed
outside hospitals/airport to identify the warm and cool
parts of a person by analyzing infra-red radiation
emitted from the persons body. And through this we
can see if someone is having a fever.
Infra red is useful for:
- For navigation through fog & haze as it is less
easily scattered compared to visible light
- Medical treatment : to warm injured muscles/sports
injuries
Microwaves
One of their most common uses is in
microwave ovens. When you switch on
a microwave oven , it gives off
electromagnetic waves that bounce
around inside the oven, penetrating the
food. Water molecules in the food
absorb the energy from the microwaves,
causing the food to get hot.
Other uses of microwaves:
a) Radar communication (as it is not easily
blocked of by buildings/trees)
b) Analysis of fine details of molecular and
atomic structure
c) Useful demonstration of all wave
properties on macroscopic scale
d) Telephone communication (mobile
phones, etc)
Radio waves
Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves
with the longest wavelengths and lowest
frequencies
Like all electromagnetic waves, radio waves
can travel through a vacuum. However
most of the radio waves we receive have
traveled through air. Take the radio as an
example. The radio converts the
electromagnetic waves into the sound
that comes out of the radio speakers.
Uses of radio waves:
a) Radio and television communication
(to transmit sound and picture
information over long distance)
b) Radar & satellite communication
c) Navigation or ships & aircrafts
Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Transverse Waves
Sound waves
Electromagnetic Waves
Classified into
Properties
Comprises of
Radiowave
Microwave
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infra-Red
Ultra-Violet
Light
Applications
Gamma ray
X-ray
Micro
wave
Infra-red
Rays
Visible
light
orange
yellow
green
blue
Ultra-violet
ray
X-rays
In
View
indigo
violet
Gamma
rays