Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Project Management
Management
G.Purandaran
M.Tech (I.I.T-Madras)
PGDM (I.I.M-Bangalore)
What
What is
is aa Project
Project
One Time
Large Investment
No Revenue
Wide variety of Skills used and of High Caliber
Use of Special purpose equipment for short
duration
Involvement of many specialized agencies
Technology-Wide Variety
Project...
Project...
A collection of linked activities, carried out
in an organised manner,with a clearly
defined START POINT and END POINT to
achieve some specific results desired to
satisfy the needs of the organisation at the
current time
Contrast
Contrast Projects
Projects and
and Operations
Operations
Projects
Create own charter,
organization, and goals
Catalyst for change
Unique product or service
Heterogeneous teams
Start and end date
Operations
Semi-permanent charter,
organization, and goals
Maintains status quo
Standard product or service
Homogeneous teams
Ongoing
Characteristics
Characteristics of
of aa Project
Project
Have a purpose
Have a life cycle
Interdependencies
Uniqueness
Conflict
Chapter 1-9
The
The Definition
Definition of
of aa Project
Project
Where
Where We
WeAre
Are Now
Now
48
Defining
Defining the
the Project
Project
Step 1: Defining the Project Scope
Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities
Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure
Step 4: Integrating the WBS with the Organization
Step 5: Coding the WBS for the Information
System
49
Step
Step 1:
1: Defining
Defining the
the Project
Project Scope
Scope
Project Scope
A definition of the end result or mission of the project
a product or service for the client/customerin
specific, tangible, and measurable terms.
410
Project
Project Scope
Scope Checklist
Checklist
1. Project objective
2. Deliverables
3. Milestones
4. Technical requirements
5. Limits and exclusions
6. Reviews with customer
411
Project
Project Scope:
Scope: Terms
Terms and
and Definitions
Definitions
Scope Statements
Also called statements of work (SOW)
Project Charter
Can contain an expanded version of scope statement
A document authorizing the project manager to initiate
and lead the project.
Scope Creep
The tendency for the project scope to expand over
time due to changing requirements, specifications, and
priorities.
412
Step
Step 2:
2: Establishing
Establishing Project
Project Priorities
Priorities
Causes of Project Trade-offs
Shifts in the relative importance of criterions related
to cost, time, and performance parameters
BudgetCost
ScheduleTime
PerformanceScope
Project
Project Management
Management Trade-offs
Trade-offs
FIGURE 4.1
414
Project
Project Priority
Priority Matrix
Matrix
FIGURE 4.2
415
Step
Step 3:
3: Creating
Creating the
the Work
Work
Breakdown
Breakdown Structure
Structure
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
An hierarchical outline (map) that identifies the
products and work elements involved in a project.
Defines the relationship of the final deliverable
(the project) to its subdeliverables, and in turn,
their relationships to work packages.
Best suited for design and build projects that have
tangible outcomes rather than process-oriented
projects.
416
Hierarchical
Hierarchical
Breakdown
Breakdown of
of
the
the WBS
WBS
* This breakdown groups work
packages by type of work within a
deliverable and allows assignment
of responsibility to an organizational
unit. This extra step facilitates a
system for monitoring project
progress (discussed in Chapter 13).
FIGURE 4.3
417
How
How WBS
WBS Helps
Helps the
the Project
Project Manager
Manager
WBS
Facilitates evaluation of cost, time, and technical
performance of the organization on a project.
Provides management with information appropriate
to each organizational level.
Helps in the development of the organization
breakdown structure (OBS). which assigns project
responsibilities to organizational units and individuals
Helps manage plan, schedule, and budget.
Defines communication channels and assists
in coordinating the various project elements.
418
Work
Work Breakdown
Breakdown Structure
Structure
FIGURE 4.4
419
Work
Work Packages
Packages
A work package is the lowest level of the WBS.
It is output-oriented in that it:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
420
Step
Step 4:
4: Integrating
Integrating the
the WBS
WBS
with
with the
the Organization
Organization
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
Depicts how the firm is organized to discharge its
work responsibility for a project.
Provides a framework to summarize
Integration
Integrationofof
WBS
WBSand
andOBS
OBS
FIGURE 4.5
422
Step
Step 5:
5: Coding
Coding the
the WBS
WBS for
for
the
the Information
Information System
System
WBS Coding System
Defines:
Levels and elements of the
WBS
Organization elements
Work packages
Budget and cost information
Allows reports to be consolidated at
any level in the organization structure
423
WBS
WBS Coding
Coding
424
Responsibility
Responsibility Matrices
Matrices
Responsibility Matrix (RM)
Also called a linear responsibility chart.
Summarizes the tasks to be accomplished and
who is responsible for what on the project.
Lists project activities and participants.
Clarifies critical interfaces between units
Responsibility
ResponsibilityMatrix
Matrixfor
for aaMarket
MarketResearch
ResearchProject
Project
FIGURE 4.6
426
Responsibility
ResponsibilityMatrix
Matrixfor
forthe
theConveyor
Conveyor Belt
Belt Project
Project
FIGURE 4.7
427
Project
Project Communication
Communication Plan
Plan
What information needs to be collected
and when?
Who will receive the information?
What methods will be used to gather
and store information?
What are the limits, if any, on who has
access to certain kinds of information?
When will the information be communicated?
How will it be communicated?
428
Information
Information Needs
Needs
Project status reports
Deliverable issues
Changes in scope
Team status meetings
Gating decisions
Accepted request changes
Action items
Milestone reports
429
Developing
Developing aa Communication
Communication Plan
Plan
1. Stakeholder analysis
2. Information needs
3. Sources of information
4. Dissemination modes
5. Responsibility and timing
430
Shale
Shale Oil
Oil Research
Research Project
Project Communication
Communication Plan
Plan
FIGURE 4.8
431
Key
Key Terms
Terms
Cost account
Milestone
Organization breakdown structure (OBS)
Scope creep
Priority matrix
Responsibility matrix
Scope statement
Process breakdown structure (PBS)
Work breakdown structure (WBS)
Work package
432