ANATOMY OF NERVOUS

SYSTEM
Basic unit-neurons
Consists of input fiber called as dendrite
and transmitting fiber called axon.
Hillock-near to cell body and this the part
were
Action potential is generated.
Myelin-covers axon and dendrite and
nodes of ranvier splits myelin into equal
parts
Nodes of ranvier helps in fast
transmission of signals.

Neuron

Classification of nervous system

Classified into two-central nervous
system and peripheral nervous
system.
PNS consists of nerves which connects
CNS to all parts of body.
Both axon and dendrite is called nerve
fiber and its bundle is called as nerves.
Nerve that carry sensory information to
brain is called as sensory or afferent
nerves and those carry signals from the

 CNS consists of brain and spinal cord.

Brain is a collection of cell body and fiber
placed inside skull.
Lower end of brain is connected to spinal
cord.
Brain consists of fatty cells called glial
cells.
50% of brain composed of glial cells and it
helps in signal transmission, supply
nutrients for neuron, produce mylien. it
also helps in memory.
Cell bodies and small fiber which is grey in
colour is called as

 Nerve fibers outside the CNS is called peripheral

nerves.
Peripheral nerves are classified into
Somatic nerves-it carry information from
sensors of body to brain.
Visual pathways-carry sensory information from
eye to the brain.
Auditory nerves-carry sensory information from
ear to the brain.
Another major sub division of Peripheral nerves
is autonomic nervous s/m.
It controls emotional response, action of smooth
muscles, heart rate and secretion of various
glands.

 Autonomic nervous system has two

sub system, sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system.
Sympathetic nervous systemwhich speeds up heart rate, causes
secretion of glands etc. it is activated
to mobilize energy levels
parasympathetic nervous
system-slows down heart rate. it is
activated during relaxed state.

BRAIN
Different parts of brain are1) Brainstem-it connects to the spinal cord and extend up to center
of brain.
2) Medulla-lowest section of brain stem and controls vomiting,
heart rate and digestive process.
3) Pons-located above medulla and controls sleep ,respiration, eye
movement, facial expression etc.
4) midbrain-upper part of brain stem
5) Thalamus and hypothalamus-above midbrain and controls
sleep and wake cycles, eating , drinking etc.
6) Cerebellum-completely covers mid brain, thalamus and
hypothalamus. Outer surface is called as cerebrum cortex. it
modulates o/p of brain s/m to make them precise.
7) Pituitary glands- it lies near hypothalamus which control
hormone secretion in our body