Presented by

Muhammad Tahir Aziz

Reg.# 2013-MS-CEG-19

What is dam
The massive barriers built across rivers and

streams to confine and utilize the flow of

water for irrigation purpose and generation of
hydroelectricity.

Need for Dams in

Pakistan
Due to rise of population, pressure on water

resources is building up to meet the food and

fiber needs.
Continuous sizeable reduction in the storage

capacity of Mangla, Tarbela reservoirs are the

critical existing problems of our irrigated
agriculture and power generation capacity.

Need for Dams in

Pakistan
In order to save available water which now

goes waste into Sea, water reservoirs shall

have to be increased.
Pakistan is highly deficient, in water storages.
The live storage capacity in Pakistan is 11.77

MAF which is only 8 % of the total annual

flows of 145 MAF.

Need for Dams in

Pakistan
On other hand the storage capacity in Aswan

Dam (Egypt) is 132 MAF which is 350% of the

annual flow of the Nile river.
Severe water shortages, including

distributional inequality in critical crop

demand periods

Need for Dams in

Pakistan
To fulfill energy requirement of the country
To cater the floods and to use surplus water

for irrigation and other useful purposes.

Kalabagh Dam
Kalabagh Dam Project is among the largest

multipurpose dams in the World.

The Kalabagh Dam Project site is located 210

km downstream of Tarbela Dam

and 26 km upstream of Jinnah Barrage on the

River Indus

Why Kalabagh Dam???

Very Suitable Location
The Dam site is located on the Indus River in
Mianwali District which is naturally a most
suitable site for dam in Pakistan.
A natural storage valley with sound geological

features
It has proper gorge for storage.

Very Suitable Location

Kalabagh dam, at a retention level of 915 ft.

elevation above mean sea level, would pose

no flood risk to Nowshera, which is located at
an elevation of 938 ft.
Neither it would effect the operation of

Mardan SCARP, the outfall elevation of which

is 958.7 ft

High River Flows

The mean annual river flow at Kalabagh is 90

MAF which is even larger of all the dams in

Pakistan.
Similarly the basic design flood to be handled

at Kalabagh is of the order of 2,200,000 cusecs.

Small Dam With Large

Storage Capacity

The height of Dam will be only 260 feet above

river bed.
In spite of its small size it would have Gross

storage capacity of 7.9 MAF

While the live storage capacity of 6.1 MAF

which 7 % of average annual flow.

Longer Life Due to

Flushing through Low
Level Spillway
The orifice spillway has its crest level at 785 ft

(above Mean Sea Level) with full reservoir

pond level at 915 ft.
This low setting of the spillway crest has the

potential of flushing of sediment from the

reservoir.

Very Easy Access to the

Site
Due to its location, the access to Dam will be very easy

which will lead to many economic advantages such as;

Transportation of construction materials and machinery
Construction of access roads and transmission lines
Carriage of machinery for the powerhouses
Subsequent maintenance and repair works of the project.

Shallower Bed Rock at

Dam Site
The bed rock in the river bed at Dam site is

only 83 ft. below the river bed.

The foundation of the dam has to be taken to

the bed rock & therefore shallower the bed

rock means less will be the cost.

Shorter Construction
Period
Dam is ready for construction and can be

completed in a period of six years only.

Pakistan needs such a short construction

period project to overcome the energy crises.

Increased Power
Generation at Tarbela
Dam
Since Dam is located downstream of Tarbela, the

releases for irrigation supplies can be regulated at

the Dam.
Taking advantage of this facility, Tarbela Dam can

generate more power without any restriction due

to the fixed releases for irrigation.
Extra power generated at Tarbela Dam will be of

the order of 336 GWh

Very
Economical
Transmission
The power generated at Kala Bagh Dam can be

Lines

connected with the national grid running at short distance

away from the Dam site.

Lighter Intensity of
Earthquake
The earthquake intensity at Kalabagh is

comparatively lighter than at the Diamer

Bhasha Dam , Tarbela dam and Mangla dam.

Power Generation
Kalabagh Dam generates a large amount of

low cost Hydro Electricity power near major

load center.
Kalabagh dam would have the installed power

generation capacity of 3600 MW.

This electricity may reduce the load up to

reasonable extent.

Storage of Surplus
Water
In Pakistan about 1040 MAF of water has gone

to the Sea unutilized for the last 34 years which

is about 31.5 MAF/ year.
Kalabagh Dam would store some of this surplus

water in the flood season.

This water could then be used for sowing and

final maturing of the Kharif crops and entire

Rabi crops.

Availability Of Water For

Irrigation
Annual irrigation supply will be increased by

an average of 4.5 MAF, when the project is first

commissioned.
Kalabagh Dam would enable additional and

improved irrigation supplies to all provinces

within a short period.

Benefit For Tarbela

Dam
Sedimentation is the major issue of Tarbela dam.
Since Kala bagh dam is located downstream of

the Tarbela dam, it will reduce the sedimentation

load on Tarbela dam.
Kalabagh will be helpful to replace the lost live

storage capacities of Mangla and Tarbela,

reservoirs gradually being depleted due to
sedimentation.

Economical Benefits
Average Annual Power Benefits Rs. 25.50 Billion
Average Annual Irrigation Benefits Rs. 3.50 Billion
Average Annual Flood Alleviation Benefits Rs.

0.70 Billion
Additional Power From Tarbela Rs. 3.50 Billion
Total AVERAGE YEARLY BENEFITS Rs. 33.20

Billion

Project Cost
Cost wise the project is substantially cheaper
The total project cost at June 1998 price level,

including contingencies, price escalation and

interest during construction, is estimated as
US$ 5,700 million.
The project will return its cost in 9- 10 years.

Miscellaneous Benefits
The grand Kalabagh Dam could supply plenty of

water to the network of canals during the dry

seasons.
The project will boost agriculture, industry and

employment in country.
The project will have a useful economic life of over

50 years, without requiring any major replacement

of machines and E&M equipment.

Conclusion
Dams are necessary for Pakistan
Kalabagh dam is life line for Pakistan
Kalabagh site is most suitable location for

high dam in Pakistan.