SMART TUNNEL

SMART TEAM:
MOHAMMED MIRZA
Role: Collect data on the flow through the rivers that
merge and establish approximate flows.

JUGRAJ GILL
Role: Prepare graphical representations of the flow in the
open channel river and indicate the effect of the SMART
Tunnel.

KUNAL GULATI
Role: Assess the SMART tunnel as a culvert and provide a
description of the inlet control flow and outlet control flow.

OUR PROJECT OBJECTIVE

OBJECTIVE:
Understand the operation

of the dual purpose

SMART tunnel
How SMART tunnel

mitigates flash floods

Inlet and outlet flow control

of the tunnel

SMART OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE:
Mitigate over-bank flow

nearby city centre

Relieve traffic congestion

into the city

Rainfall
Kuala Lumpur (KL): 204mm

(12hr)
Windsor: 77mm (12hr)
Kuala Lumpur Rainfall: 158 days

in a year

FLASH FLOODS HISTORY

PERIOD

INTERVALS

INCIDENCES

YEAR

Before 1950

1926

1950 to 1975

16

1971

1976 to 1985

10

1982

1986 to 1995

10

1986,1988,1993,1995

1996, 1997, 2000,

2001 (2 times), 2002,
2003

1996 to 2004

HYDRAULICS/HYDROLOGY PRINCIPLES
Generating

Data and Estimated

Parameters
Time of concentration:
195 mins (Mode 1)
135 mins (Mode 2)
90 mins (Mode 3)

Hydrographs:
- MODE 1
- MODE 2
- MODE 3

Area of watershed:
18.649 mi^2
Watershed lag time:
TL = 0.6 Tc
Time at peak discharge:
Tp= (Tr/2) + TL
Peak discharge:
Qup= (484*A)/Tp
SCS Unit Hydrograph

Source of data

Determination of Rainfall-Runoff
Characteristics in Sungai Kerayong
Catchment, Kuala Lumpur.
By Abustan 2008

Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and

Stormwater Quality: Engineering
Applications and Computer
Modeling. Author: A.Osman Akan,
Robert J. Houghtalen.
World Meteorological organization

KLANG RIVER OBSERVATION POINTS

Point A
Point B
n
Kla

r
ive
R
g

T
R
A
M
S

L
E
N
N
TU

MODE 1: KLANG RIVER HYDROGRAPH

MODE 2: KLANG RIVER HYDROGRAPH

MODE 3: KLANG RIVER HYDROGRAPH

INLET VS OUTLET CONTROL

INLET

OUTLET

Water flow more at outlet than inlet.

Water flow more at inlet than outlet.

Flow characteristics:
1) Low depth
2) High velocity
3) Supercritical flow

Flow characteristics:
1) High depth
2) Low velocity
3) Sub-critical flow

Factors to take into consideration:

1) Headwater Depth
2) Shape and area of cross section

Factors to take into consideration:

1) Headwater and Tailwater depth
2) Shape and area of cross section
3) Slope, length, roughness of Tunnel

ENGINEERING DECISION
WE CHOSE INLET CONTROL
Reasons: 1) Less factors to take into
consideration.
2) Downstream disturbance does not
propagate upstream.
3) Friction losses do not control the design.

4) Less depth suits our design for traffic

provisions

TUNNEL ASSESSED AS A CULVERT

INLET CONTROL FLOW:

Q : Flow discharge going into the tunnel (MODE 3)

A : Area of cross-section used. (CIRCULAR)
D: Max Depth of tunnel
HW: Headwater depth
KII and MII : Constants
TLIM: 0.67

HW obtained: 6.4m ( HW < Max depth of tunnel)

DESIGN SOLUTION
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Maximum flow in the city before 333 cumecs
smart tunnel
Maximum flow in the city after
smart tunnel

120 cumecs

Maximum flow in smart tunnel

223 cumecs

Depth of tunnel

11.83 m

Maximum HW allowed

6.4 m

CONCLUSION
A smart tunnel is a great engineering innovation which

can be used to divert high flow discharge and high

traffic away from the city.

SOURCES OF ERROR
Assumptions made in SCS Unit
Hydrograph Method
Non USA city
Basin lag time variation
Peak flow time variation
50% increase in the flow at point B

REFERENCES
Ismail Abustan, Ahmad Husaini Sulaiman, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid and Fauzi

Baharudin, 2008 Determination of Rainfall-Runoff Characteristics in An

Urban Area: Sungai Kerayong Catchment, Kuala Lumpur
A.Osman Akan and Robert J. Houghtalen. Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and

Stormwater Quality: Engineering Applications and Computer Modeling.

World Meteorological organization http://www.wmo.int/pages/index_en.html
Ng Koh Hing, David N. Welch and Teoh Seng. Stormwater Management and

Road Tunnel (SMART): A bypass solution to mitigate flooding in kuala lumpur

city center.
Ram Kumar M. KANNAPIRAN. A Study and Evaluation on SMART Project,

Malaysia University of Southern Queensland Faculty of Engineering and

Surveying

THANK YOU