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Heat
Fuel
O2
Flue Gas
The fuels are either coal, fuel oil, gaseous fuel (e.g.
natural gas) or liquefied petroleum gas. When
burned, the products are :
Moles
Wet Basis
Dry Basis
50 mole CO2
33.3% CO2
50% CO2
50 mole N2
33.3% N2
50% N2
50 mole H2O
33.3% H2O
0% H2O
Mass balance in
combustion
Change
of
mass
with
time
(kg/s)
= Mass inp
(kg/s)
- Mass
outpu(kg/s)
Combustion
Ethane (C2H6) is burned with 50% excess air. The
percentage conversion of the ethane is 90%; of the
ethane burned, 25% reacts to form CO and the
balance to form CO2. Calculate the composition of the
flue gas on a dry basis and the ratio of water to dry
flue gas.
Solution:
C2H6 + 7/2O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
C2H6 + 5/2O2 2CO + 3H2O
reaction
reaction
1
2
Solution:
C2H6 + 7/2O2 2CO2 + 3H2O
reaction (1)
C2H6 + 5/2O2 2CO + 3H2O
reaction (2)
50% excess
Process
air
Q mol O2
3.76Q mol N2
100 mol C2H6
q1 mol C2H6
q2 mol O2
q3 mol N2
q4 mol CO
q5 mol CO2
q6 mol H2O
q1 mol C2H6
q2 mol O2
q3 mol N2
q4 mol CO
q5 mol CO2
q6 mol H2O
3.5 mol O2
1 mol C2H6
(moles O2)fed (moles O2)theo
= (moles O2)fed 350
0.5 =
(moles O2)theo
350
Moles O2 fed = 525 mol = Q
Moles N2 fed = 3.76(525) = 1974 mol
25%
Process
1 =67.5 mol
2 = 22.5 mol
q1 mol C2H6
q2 mol O2
q3 mol N2
q4 mol CO
q5 mol CO2
q6 mol H2O
C 2H 6
O2
N2
CO
CO2
H 2O
Input (mol)
100
525
1974
3.5(67.
5)
2.5(22.
5)
q2=232
.5
0(67.
5)
0(22.
5)
q3=19
74
nerated/Consumed (+ i 1 mol)1(67.
5)
nerated/Consumed (+ i 2 mol)1(22.
5)
q1=10
Output (mol)
2(67. 3(67.
5)
5)
2(22.
3(22.
5)
5)
q4 = q5=1 q6=2
45
70
35
-
10
mol
50% excess
Total moles on a dry
Process C2H6
air
basis
232.5 mol
525 mol O2
=10 + 232.5 + 1974 +
O2
45 + 135
1974 mol N2
1974
mol
100 mol
= 2396 mol dry gas
N2
C2 H 6
45 onmol
Hence the flue gas composition
a dry basis is
CO
C2H6 = 10 / 2396 =135
0.00417
mol C2H6 / mol
mol
CO
O2 = 232.5 / 2396 =
0.0970
mol O2 / mol
2
270 mol
N2 = 1974 / 2396 = 0.824 mol N2 / mol
H2 O
CO = 45 / 2396 = 0.019 mol CO / mol
And