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(MANOVA)
MANOVA
Previously, we explored the use of
analysis of variance to compare
groups on a single dependent
variable.
In many research situations, however,
we are interested in comparing groups
on a range of different characteristics.
This is quite common in clinical
research, where the focus is on the
evaluation of the impact of an
intervention on a variety of outcome
measures (e.g. anxiety, depression,
MANOVA
Multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA) is an extension of analysis
of variance for use when you have
more than one dependent variable.
These dependent variables should be
related in some way, or there should
be some conceptual reason for
considering them together.
MANOVA compares the groups and
tells
you
whether
the
mean
differences between the groups on the
combination of dependent variables
MANOVA
MANOVA creates a new summary
dependent variable, which is a linear
combination of each of your original
dependent variables.
It then performs an analysis of
variance using this new combined
dependent
variable
(composite
dependent variable).
MANOVA will tell you if there is a
significant difference between your
groups on this composite dependent
variable;
MANOVA
Why not just conduct a series of
ANOVAs
separately
for
each
dependent variable?
By conducting a whole series of
analyses you run the risk of an
'inflated Type 1 error'.
This means that the more analyses
you run, the more likely you are to find
a significant result, even if in reality
there are no differences between your
groups.
The advantage of using MANOVA is
MANOVA
If separate ANOVAs are conducted on
each dependent variable, then any
relationship between DVs is ignored
we lose information about any
correlations that might exist between
DVs.
By running all DVs together, MANOVA
takes into account of the relationship
between outcome variables.
MANOVA has the power to detect
group differences within IV along a
combination of dimensions.
MANOVA
MANOVA is a much more complex set
of procedures, and it has a number of
additional assumptions that must be
met.
If you have a number of dependent
variables, you can still perform a
series of ANOVAs separately for each
dependent variable.
If you choose to do this, you might like
to reduce the risk of a Type 1 error by
setting a more stringent alpha value.
One way to control for the Type 1 error
MANOVA
To do this, you divide your normal
alpha value (typically .05) by the
number of tests that you intend to
perform.
If there are three dependent variables,
you would divide .05 by 3 (which
equals .017 after rounding) and you
would use this new value as your cutoff.
Differences between your groups
would need a probability value of less
than .017 before you could consider
MANOVA
To do this, you divide your normal
alpha value (typically .05) by the
number of tests that you intend to
perform.
If there are three dependent variables,
you would divide .05 by 3 (which
equals .017 after rounding) and you
would use this new value as your cutoff.
Differences between your groups
would need a probability value of less
than ,017 before you could consider
MANOVA
MANOVA can be used in one-way, twoway and higher-order factorial designs
(with multiple independent variables)
and when using analysis of covariance
(controlling for an additional variable).
MANOVA (Example)
In this example, the difference
between males and females on a
number of measures of wellbeing is
explored. These include a measure of
negative mood (Negative Affect scale),
positive mood (Positive Affect scale)
and perceived stress (Total Perceived
Stress scale).
MANOVA (Example)
Research question: Do males and
females differ in terms of overall
wellbeing? Are males better adjusted
than females in terms of their positive
and negative mood states and levels
of perceived stress?
What you need: One-way MANOVA
One categorical, independent
variable (e.g. GENDER); and
Two
or
more
continuous,
dependent
variables
(e.g.
negative affect, positive affect,
MANOVA (Example)
MANOVA can also be extended to twoway
and
higher-order
designs
involving two or more categorical,
independent variables.
What it does: Compares two or more
groups in terms of their means on a
group of dependent variables. Tests
the null hypothesis that the population
means on a set of dependent variables
do not vary across different levels of a
factor or grouping variable.
MANOVA
Run MANOVA using the data provided.