HAZARDS RISK MANAGEMENT

DR.RIDWAN HARRIANTO MHSC(OM).SP.OK

H azard:
Any condition w hich has the

potentialto cause injury or harm to

health

Types ofhazards
Chem icalhazards
Physicalhazards
Biologic hazards
Ergonom ic hazards
Psychologicalhazards

Chem icalhazards
Excessive airborne concentrations of

vapors, gases, or aerosols in the

form of dusts, fum es,or m ists.

Physicalhazards
Excessive levels of ionizing and non

ionizing radiation.
N oise
vibration
extrem es of tem perature and
pressure

Biologic hazards
Infection by insects
m olds
fungi
bacterial
viral
rickettsial
Chlam ydia agents

Ergonom ic hazards
Im properly designed tools,

equipm ent,or w ork areas

unusualand unnecessary lifting or
reaching
poor visualconditions
excessive vibration
repeated forcefulm otions in
aw kw ard postures.

Psychologicalhazards
Inadequate com m unication
Interpersonalconfl
ict
confl
ict w ith organizationalgoal
lack of prom otionalopportunity
inadequate resources to accom plish job
inadequate authority to accom plish job
w ork overload / under load
shift w ork

The requirements for a safety system (Hawkles,1987)

M anagem ent m ust know of the hazards of the institution and

understand how hazards can give rise to accidents and

understand the consequences
facilities and equipm ent m ust be suitable for avoiding dangerous

situations and for controlling hazards

system s and procedures m ust be provided for operation,

m aintenance and m anagem ent of the facilities and equipm ent

Staf f
n g m ust be provided in suf f
i
cient num bers and w ith
i

appropriate supervision and training

system m ust be im plem ented w hich prom ptly identify

em ergency situations and m easures w hich m itigate the risk

system m ust be develop w hich m onitor the risk m anagem ent

perform ance of em ployees and audit the risk m anagem ent

system s and perform ance
risk m anagem ent m ust be prom ote throughout the organization

H azard risk m anagem ent:

The interaction process used by an

organization to identifi
ed, evaluate and
controlhazards to reduce the risk of injury

The Benefits of Risk Management

o Reduction in M aterialand Property
D am age.

o Eff
ective M ission Accom plishm ent.
o Reduction in Serious Injuries and
Fatalities.

RISK :
AN EXPRESSIO N O F PO SSIBLE LO SS
IN TERM S O F SEVERITY AN D PRO BABILITY

H azard risk m an ag em en t :
U sing sound concepts to D etect,
H AZARD S and Estim ate the Risk they
Pose.

G am b lin g :

M aking Risk D ecisions

W ithout Reasonable or
Prudent Assessm ent or
M anagem ent of the Risk
Involved

Four steps in the m anagem ent

ofhazards
Risk identifi
cation
Risk evaluation
Risk Assessm ent
Risk controland M onitoring

(M anagem ent strategies)

Risk identifi
cation
The process of recognizing the

presence of hazards
The m ost im portant step in the w hole
process because if the hazards are not
identifi
ed and assessed, then the safety
system w illbe lacking.
O nce the hazards are identifi
ed, one of
the m ost eff
ective and cheapest w ays
to im prove safety for the institution is
to introduce inherent safety in the
design process

Risk identifi
cation requires :
H istoricaldata
Scientifi
c literature
W orkplace inspections / safety audits
H azards analysis

H istoricaldata
o Past statisticaldata
o event e.g. accidents/incidents
o injuries/fatalities
o contributing factors e.g.

design/equipm ent

Scientifi
c literatures
M aterialSafety D ata Sheets (M SD S)
N ational/provincialinjury statistic
Bulletins/ journals from the

internationalO ccupationalSafety
and H ealth associations (N IO SH ,
AIH A,ACG IH ,O SH A etc.)
Standards and codes

W orkplace inspection
D irect observation (equipm ent,m achinery,

chem icalinventories, processes/ procedures,

the physicalplant, training program s/ hazard
controls)
discussion w ith em ployees, supervisors, line
m anager, health and safety representative,
em ployer, insurance com pany loss control
representatives.
em ployee questionnaire
checklist

H azard analysis
Prelim inary H azard Analysis (PH A)
W h at if Analysis
Failure M ode and Eff
ects

Analysis(FM EA)
The InternationalAtom ic Energy
Agency (IAEA) Analysis
Fault Tree Analysis & Even Tree Analysis
M anagem ent O versight & Risk Tree
(M O RT)

W hat if analysis :
The unloading ofchem icalfrom a road tankerto a storage tank

W hat if .
The chem icalis the w rong concentration?
the tank overfl
ow ed?
the tank valve w as closed?
the delivery hose com e off
?
the tanker driver drove offw ith the hose

stillattached?
the chem icalfl
ow ed back into the
tanker ?

A PH A for a road tanker loading fl

am m able
liquids at a fi
lling station
Hazard

Possible
Causes

Spill of flammable Tanker overfill

liquid
Filling hose failure
Driver uncouples
Hose which still
Contains liquid
Driver drives off
Whilst still
connected

Possible
Consequence

Mitigating/
Prevention
Measures

Spillage of which
can lead to a pool
fire if ignited

Tanker overfill
protection
Regular inspection
of hoses
Training of truck
drivers
Brake interlocks
for the truck to
prevent driveaways

FM EA table for these failure m odes for a

pum p w hich unloads LPG from the
storage tank at the station to the pum p
Failure
mode

Detection
method

Equipment
affected

Pump stops

No fuel at
pump
Can hear the
pump
continuously
running
LPG release

None

Pump runs on

Pump casing
holed

Safety
system
response

Pumpset

Phone gas
company

Possible
ignition and jet
Fire and
BLEVE

-excess flow
valve on tank
could operate
-manual
/automatic shut
down
-evacuate area

Comments

System can
handle this
Not critical

Critical
Immediate
Action
required

Risk Evaluation
m easurem ent of potentialexposures
determ ining existing controls
consequences of these risk
probability and frequency of risk

occurring
exposure category

M easurem ent ofpotentialexposure

Air m onitoring

(personalbreathing zone sam pling,

area m onitoring)
N oise exposure evaluation
(sound levelm eter,noise dosim eter)

Consequences of the risk

I .CATASTROPHIC
II .CRITICAL
III.MARGINAL
IV.NEGLIGIBLE

may cause death or loss of a

facility
severe occupational illness or
major property damage
minor occupational illness
resulting in loss workdays or
minor property damage
probably would not affect
personnel safety, but never the less is in violation of
specific criteria

Probability and frequency risk occurring

[ A ] Likely to occurring im m ediately

or w ithin a short period of tim e

w hen exposed to the hazard
[ B ] Probably w illoccur in tim e
[ C ] Possible to occur in tim e
[ D ] U nlikely to occur

Exposure category
( 1 ) > 50 diff
erent person regularly

exposed to the hazard

( 2 ) 10 - 49
( 3 ) 5 - 9
( 4 ) < 5

Risk assessm ent

Prioritizing risks w hich is an integral

part of the risk m anagem ent process

com pare against risk criteria
balance the benefi
ts/ disbenefi
ts of
allow ing the risk against the
benefi
ts/disbenefi
ts of risk control

Prioritizing risk
M inor risk

- accept
- low likelihood, low im pact
M oderate risk
- specify risk
m anagem ent m easures
- low likelihood and high
im pact, and vice versa
M ajor risk
- develop risk
action plan
- high likelihood, high
im pact

M AKE RISK D ECISIO N S

Consider Risk Control Options
Start with Most Serious Risk First
Refer to preliminary Hazard Analysis

Causes
Does Benefit Outweigh Risk
Communicate with Higher Authority
if Required

R ISK C O N TR O LS

Administrative Controls

good house keeping, safe work procedure, identify residual risk

Engineering Controls

- Substitute the hazard

Replace one chemical with another which is less harmful

- Remove chemical from process

(wet method , local & general/ dilution exhaust)
- Isolate the hazard
(apply physical barriers, enclose all stage of process)
- Minimize the potential error
(minimize energies, use warning devise)

Personal Protective Equipment

SU P ER V ISE
Monitor for Effectiveness of

Controls
Watch for Changes

Risk m anagem ent im plem entation

Management commitment
Written policy
OH&S Committee
Communicate the policy
Manage risks at the organization level
Manage risks at the program, project

and team level

Monitor and review