PIC-Microcontroller

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCONTROLLERS
(INVISIBLE)
Intel 4004

4 bit (2300 PMOS trans, 108 kHz)

1971

Intel 8048

8 bit

1976

Intel 8031

8 bit (ROM-less)

Intel 8051

8 bit (Mask ROM)

1980

Microchip PIC16C64

8 bit

1985

Motorola 68HC11

8 bit (on chip ADC)

Intel 80C196

16 bit

1982

Atmel AT89C51

8 bit (Flash memory)

Microchip PIC 16F877

8 bit (Flash memory + ADC)

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DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSORS
(VISIBLE)
Intel 4004

4 bit (2300 PMOS transistors)

1971

Intel 8080
8085

8 bit (NMOS)
8 bit

1974

Intel 8088
8086

16 bit
16 bit

1978

Intel 80186
80286

16 bit
16 bit

1982

Intel 80386

32 bit (275000 transistors)

1985

Intel 80486 SX
DX

32 bit
32 bit (built in floating point unit)

1989

64 bit

1993
1997
1999
2000

Z-80 (Zilog)

8 bit

1976

Motorola Power PC 601

602

603

32-bit

1993
1995

Intel 80586 I

MMX
Celeron II
III
IV

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PERIPHERAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER

In the early 1980s, the term PIC stood for Peripheral Interface
Controller.
These devices were originally designed for use in applications
with 16-bit microprocessors and computer peripherals, remote
control transmitters, domestic products and automotive
systems.
With the advent of the new PIC range of 8-bit microcontrollers
and the high performance, low cost software available.

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Main Features of PIC16F887

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PIN Diagram

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A simple microcontroller consists of the following modules:

An Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
One or more working registers (called accumulators in the past) for
temporary storage during computations.
A register is a small block of memory, often the size of a byte, where data
is stored.
Program memory (ROM) and data memory (RAM).
A program counter.
An instruction register with instruction decoder.
The control unit.
A stack.

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A program is a set of sequential operations on data.

The program memory is an area of memory where the actual sequence of
instructions which make up the program is stored.
Data memory is an area of memory where data such as the value of
constants are kept for use by the program during its execution.
The program counter is a register used to store the address of the next
instruction to be executed.
Because the program consists of instructions stored sequentially in
program memory, the address of the next instruction is obtained by
simply incrementing the number (that is, the address),contained in the
program counter.
The instruction register contains the actual binary instruction that needs
to be executed. The instruction decoder takes the binary instruction and
decodes it to determine what operation the instruction must perform and
which data it must use.

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CPU Architecture:

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ROM Memory

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RAM Memory Banks

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STATUS Register
Features and Function
The special function registers can be classified into two categories:
Core (CPU) registers - control and monitor operation and processes in the
central processor. Even though there are only a few of them, the operation of
the whole microcontroller depends on their contents.
Peripheral SFRs- control the operation of peripheral units (serial
communication module, A/D converter etc.).

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Bank Select

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Option Register

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Interrupt

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PCON Register

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PCL and PCLATH

Registers

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PORTs & Registers

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Port A & TRISA

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Port B & TRISB

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CLOCK SOURCE
RC network
Three crystal oscillator options
- low power, LP (up to 200kHz)
- medium speed, XT (up to 4MHz) and
- high speed, HS (up to 10MHz)

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Addressing Modes

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Note:
A detailed knowledge or understanding of these concepts is
not essential to actually use PIC
microcontrollers; all that is needed is practice in writing
programs and some experimentation with microcontroller
circuits to gain experience.

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