University of Engineering and

Technology Taxila
Mechanical Engineering Department
Lecture No: 04

Course Title: Measurement and

Instrumentation
(ME-314)
Tutor: Khalid Masood Khan

Instrument Reproducibility
Manufacturers claim here is based
on the
results of separate repeatability
tests
However, reproducibility refers to
performing
multiple repeatability tests
(replications) in

Instrument Precision
Here, too, the manufacturers claim is
based on
the results of separate repeatability
tests (Review)
However, precision is determined by
performing multiple repeatability
tests
(replication) on different units from
the same

Overall Instrument Error

Based on all known errors, an
estimate of
overall instrument error is computed
from the
square root of the sum of the squares
of all
known errors. For N known errors, it
which, on substitution, gives
is

Standards
The standard defines units to
measure the
quantities (dimensions) such as
length,
temperature, time, etc (Review)
Current standard, known as the
Systeme
International de Unites (SI), was
adopted

 The known value, the basis of

calibration,
is called the standard (Review)
Standard is a piece of equipment,
an object
having a well-defined physical
attribute to
be used as a comparison, or a
well-accepted
technique known to produce a
reliable

continued
New primary standards are
defined when
the ability to determine the new
standard
becomes more accurate than the
existing
standard
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Dimensions and Units

Dimension is a physical quantity (an
attribute,
an aspect, a characteristic chosen
as the
measurand) measured in terms of a
unit (Review)
Dimension defines a physical
variable that is
used to describe some aspect of a

 A unit defines a quantitative measure

of a
dimension
A primary standard defines the value
of a unit.
It provides the means to describe
the unit
with a unique number. It assigns a
unique
value to a unit by definition. It
defines the unit
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continued
SI is the international
standard of
units. Other unit systems are
treated
as conversions from SI
Examples of other unit
systems:
U.S. system of units (USCS)
The meter-kg-s (mks)

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Important Features of a Standard

Global availability
Continued reliability
Stability

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Basic Dimensions and their Units

Mass, Time, Length, Temperature,
Current,
Amount of Substance and Luminous
Intensity
are the basic/fundamental/primary
dimensions
Mass: SI unit of mass is the kilogram
(kg). It is
the mass of a platinum-iridium bar

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Time
The dimension of time is defined by
the unit of a second (s) in SI
The Bureau Internationale de
1Heure
in Paris maintains the primary
standard for
clock time
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Length
The meter is the SI unit for length
A new primary standard was
adopted to
define the unit of a meter in 1982
The primary standard for the
dimension of
length is now based on the
dimension of

15

Temperature
The kelvin, K, is the SI unit of
thermodynamic
temperature
One K is the fraction 1/273.16 of the
thermodynamic temperature of the
triple
point of water
16

Current, Amount of
Substance, Luminous
Intensity
The SI electrical unit for current is
the
ampere (A)
The SI unit for the amount of
substance is
the mole (mol)
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Derived Units
Some dimensions have units that are
derived
from the units of the basic
dimensions. Force
is one such dimension
where

is the proportionality constant.

The SI unit of force is the newton (N)

Continue
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continue

which gives

Therefore, for SI,

in Newtons 2nd
law is not
explicitly included

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continued
In the non-SI systems, whenever
force and
mass appear in the same
expression, just
remember to relate them by using
through
Newtons 2nd law, i.e.,

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Other Units
Energy is force times distance and the
SI unit is
the joule (J). Power is energy per unit
time and
the SI unit of power is the watt
Stress and pressure are defined as
force per
unit area. The SI unit is the pascal
(Pa)

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Test Standards
Test standards is not the same as the
standard.
Test standards and codes are legal
instruments,
engineers must observe them. Test
standards are
well-defined procedures, technical
terminology,
Continue
methods to construct test

22

continued
Test codes are procedures for the
manufacture,
installation, calibration, performance
specification, and safe operation of
equipment

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(Revie
w)

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UET-Taxila/MED
Subject: Measurement and Instrumentation
Quiz # 01
Class: 5th Semester/BSc Mech Engg/2011
Section-B
Dated: 03 October 2013
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Page- One
Roll No. ____________________

Student Name:
_______________________

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Page- Two
Question
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
x

Note:
Please restrict your answer to one page only
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