Networking Basics

&
Cisco
Shoaib
Iqbal
IT Engineer

Date: 10-02-2014

Networking Basics

Network
Connectivity of two or more than two devices so
that they can communicate with each other.

Network = Connectivity +
Communication

Network

Hardware
Software

Network Types
Local Area Network (LAN)
A high speed network that covers a relatively small geographic
area, contained within a single building or campus.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that spans large geographical locations, usually to
interconnect
multiple LANs.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A network that spans several LANs across a city-wide
geographic area.

Five Components of Communication

Sender
Receiver
Medium
Protocol
Message

Protocol
Rules that govern the method by which

devices share data and services.

Types of Communication

Topology

Mesh Topology

Star Topology

Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Hybrid Topology

Internet
internet
is two or more networks that can communicate
with each other.

Internet
is collaboration of more than hundreds of
thousands of interconnected networks.

OSI Model
Established in 1947, the International

Standards Organization (ISO) is a

multinational body dedicated to worldwide
agreement on international standards.
In 1978, Open System Interconnection (OSI)

model was introduced.

ISO is the organisation. OSI is the
model.

OSI Model
7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical

OSI Model-Division of Layers

7. Application

Upper Layers

6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport

Middle Layers

3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical

Lower Layers

The Function of a Layer

Each layer deals with one aspect of

networking

Layer 1 deals with the communication media

Each layer communicates with the

adjacent layers

In both directions
Ex: Network layer communicates with:
Transport layer
Data Link layer

Each layer formats the data packet

Ex: Adds or deletes addresses

OSI Model

OSI in Action
A message begins at the top application layer

and moves down the OSI layers to the bottom

physical layer.
As the message descends, each successive
OSI model layer adds a header to it.
A header is layer-specific information that
basically explains what functions the layer
carried out.
Conversely, at the receiving end, headers are
striped from the message as it travels up the
corresponding layers.

OSI Layers Description

Commonly Used Network Devices

Hubs
Switches
Routers
IP Phones
Network Security Products

Network Devices Manufacturers

Cisco Systems
HP
Huawei
ZTE
Juniper Networks
D-Link
Telco Systems
Alcatel-Lucent
Arista Networks
Mellanox

Cisco Systems

Company Overview
Cisco is an American multinational corporation

headquartered in San Jose, California, that designs,

manufactures, and sells networking equipment.
Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by two

members of Stanford University computer support staff:

Leonard Bosack who was in charge of the computer
science department's computers, and Sandy Lerner, who
managed the Graduate School of Business' computers.
The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name, San

Francisco
The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden

Gate Bridge.

Cisco Systems Logo Concept

Ciscos logo is depicting two towers of Golden Gate Bridge

Golden Gate Bridge

Company Overview
Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader

in networking for the Internet.

Today, networks are an essential part of
business, education, government and
home communications.
Cisco Internet Protocol-based (IP)
networking solutions are the foundation of
these networks.

Company Overview contd

In 1984, Ciscos first product which

consisted of exact replicas of Stanford's

"Blue Box" router and a stolencopy of the
University's multiple potocolroutersoftware.
Between 1992 and 1994, Cisco acquired
several companies inEthernet switching,
such asKalpana, Grand Junction, and most
notably, Mario Mazzola's Crescendo
Communications which together formed
theCatalystbusiness unit.

Ciscos Products List

Routers and switches
Security and surveillance
Voice and conferencing
Wireless
Network storage systems

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco
http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/smal

l_business/resource_center/articles/connect_e
mployees_and_offices/networking_basics/

About ODSI
UK Office
ODSI
11 St John's RoadStourbridge West Midlands DY8 1EJ
Phone:
Email:

0203 005 9500

sales@odsi.co.uk

Web:

www.odsi.co.uk

Cisco Products Dealer

Thank You