BIO-GAS

AS AN
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
RESOURCE

Presented By
Hafiz M.Zia
Nauman Chaudhary
Shakir Malik

106
148
160

contents
Introduction
History
Process description and working
Benefits and limitations
Applications
Economics
Potentials and barriers
Recommendation

Introduction:
What is biogas?

Biogas is produced by the

breakdown of organic
waste by bacteria without
oxygen (anaerobic
digestion).
OR A mixture of methane
and carbon dioxide
produced by the bacterial
decomposition of organic
wastes and used as a fuel.

Components

Methane (CH4) 40-75%

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 25-55%
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) 50-

5000ppm
Ammonia (NH3) 0-1%
Water (H2O) 0-10%
Nitrogen (N2) 0-5%
Oxygen (O2) 0-2%
Hydrogen (H2) 0-1%

Anaerobic system
In an anaerobic system
there is an absence of
gaseous oxygen. In an
anaerobic digester,
gaseous oxygen is
prevented from entering
the system through
physical containment in
sealed tanks.

Aerobic system
In an aerobic system,
such ascomposting,
the microorganisms
access free, gaseous
oxygen directly from
the surrounding
atmosphere..

History:
Worldwide
Biogas was used for heating

bath water in Assyria during

the 10thcentury BC and in
Persia during the 16thcentury
Baptita Van Helmont first

determined in 17 century
that flammable gases could
evolve from decaying organic
matter.
th

The first digestion plant was

built at a leper colony in

Bombay, India in 1859.
AD reached England in 1895

when biogas was recovered

from a "carefully designed"
sewage treatment facility and
used to fuel street lamps in
Exeter.

Around 250 of these systems

have been installed in

Germany alone in the past 5
years.
In Europe, AD facilities
generally have had a good
record in treating the
spectrum
of suitable farm, industrial,
and municipal wastes. The
process was used quite
extensively when energy
supplies were reduced during
and after World War II

Pakistan
History of Biogas in Pakistan is about 35 years old. Around 7000 digesters

have reportedly been installed across the country.

Government of Pakistan started comprehensive biogas scheme in 1974 and
total 4,137 biogas plants installed up-to 1987. These are Floating drum
biogas plants with capacity 5-15 cubic meters gas production per day.
Pakistan Centre for Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET) Installed of
around 2500 biogas plants till the end of 2008
NGO Koshis helped villagers to build over 200 biogas plants in Sialkot
district.
1982 to 1985, 1000 Nos. of biogas plants were installed in various districts
of the Punjab by the Pakistan Council of Appropriate Technology with
collaboration of Agriculture Department (Field Wing).
2009-2010 Agriculture departments (Field Wing) launched a programmer
Adaptation of Biogas technology to mitigate the energy crises to install
750 Nos Family Size Biogas Plants all over the Punjab, this project is in
progress.

Process description and working

Benefits of
technology
Environmental
Economy
Energy

independence
High quality
fertilizer
Reduces Landfills
Large number of
Jobs
Reduction of
workload

Some Limitations
Little Technology Advancements
Contain Impurities
Not Attractive on Large Scale
Feasibility
Efficiency

Applications:
Electricity
Cooking/Heating
Fuels

A tube well (20 hp Engine) of 1 cusec discharge will be

operated t (10 hrs per day) and a family of 8 family members
will also be accommodated for cooking and lighting purpose.

For Tube well Operations:( 10 hrs per day )

Disel consumption = 3 liters per hr

900*( 77 )=
Rs. 70,000 /month
For Domestic Usage:
Electricity Bill = 3000
Gas
= 1500

Total Bill
= 3000+1000+70000
= Rs. 74000 /month

In case of Bio Gas Energy:

Estimated Bio gas Required for Domestic and Tube

well Operations is 5 + 90 = 95 m^3 per day

So
A Plant of 100 m^3 production of Bio Gas has
Item

Cost

Investment( for 5 Yrs)

Rs. 2 5,00000

Monthly Investment

Rs. 42000 per month

Operations,labour

Rs. 15000 per month

Total

Rs. 57000 per month

Savings:
This Plant has also a bottom product which will be

used as Fertilizer of Rs. 5000 per month.

Total Savings:
( 74000 ) (57000) = Rs 17000 + 5000
=23000 per
month

Investment costs for a Dairy anaerobic digester

for 18,000 kWh consumption per month
Item

Cost

Comparison with Govt . Charges:

18,000 kWh*(

Investment (for 15 yrs

Investnent per month

Maintenance+labour
per month

)=

Rs. 270000 Per

Rs. 15000000

life)

15

month
84000

20000

Savings:

( 270000 )-(104000) =

TOTAL per month

Rs 104000

=Rs. 166000 Per

month

We have the potential

Available animal dung 650 Million Kg/day
Pakistan can generate 16.25 million m3/day

of biogas
Pakistan can generate 9885 million kwh
electricity per year
Estimated bio fertilizer production is 12
million tones per year
It can easily compensate around 20-30 % of
fertilizer requirement in the crop fields

Questions arise .??????????

Struggle of 35 years. But only 7000 biogas

plants

Technical potential of 5 million plants.

Why we are far behind ?

Answers..
No awareness of the peoples about the

technology.
No training facility in this regard
No follow up to address these problems.

Recommendation
Establishment of Biogas Directorate
To carry out the R&D activities
To disseminate biogas information
Through print and electronic media
To conduct training sessions
To provide technical advisory services
To give the follow ups
To coordinate with international experts