IMPROVING GRID POWER QUALITY

WITH FACTS DEVICE ON

INTEGRATION OF WIND ENERGY
SYSTEM

Project Guide:-

By:-

M.SOUJANYA
(Asst. Professor)

P.SHASHIDHAR REDDY
K.SNIGDHA
J.V.TEJASWINI
K.PRABHAKAR REDDY

ABSTRACT: Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the
power quality.
The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality
are determined on the basis of the measurements and the norms
followed according to the guidelines specified. in International
Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400

A proper control scheme in wind energy generation system is

required under normal operating condition to allow the proper
control over the active power production. In the event of increasing
grid disturbance, wind energy generating system is generally
required to compensate the fluctuation generated by wind
turbineity, power quality problems.

The integration of wind energy into existing power system presents

a technical challenges and that requires consideration of voltage
regulation , stability, power quality problems

CONTENTS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Introduction
Wind Energy System
Power Quality
FACTS Devices
Simulink Models
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
The

modern power system has to confront some major

operating problems, such as voltage regulation, power flow
control, transient stability, and damping of power oscillations,
etc. FACTS devices can be a solution to these problems.

They

are able to provide rapid active and reactive power

compensations to power systems, and therefore can be used to
provide voltage support and power flow control, increase
transient stability and improve power oscillation damping.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Wind Energy System: Wind

is the natural movement of air across the land or sea.

WT

convert wind energy in to electric energy which are fed in

to electricity supply systems.

The

three main components for energy conversion in WT are

rotor, gear box and generator. The rotor converts the
fluctuating wind energy into mechanical energy and is thus
the driving component in the conversion system.

WT convert

wind energy into electrical energy

Main components for energy conversion in WT are

1. Rotor 2. Gear Box
3. Generator

Rotor converts the fluctuating wind energy into Mechanical energy.

The generator and possibly electronic inverter absorbs the

mechanical power while converting it in to electrical energy, fed in
to supply Grid

The

generator and possibly an electronic inverter

absorb the mechanical power while converting it into
electrical energy, fed into a supply grid. The gear box
adapts rotor to generator speed.

At

the point of common coupling (PCC) between the

single WT or the wind farm and the grid a circuit
breaker for the disconnection of the whole wind farm
or of the WT must exist

Power Quality
A Power quality problem is an occurrence
manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or
frequency that results in a failure or a maloperation of end user equipments
Power Quality Issue & its Consequences:
Voltage variation
Harmonics
Wind turbine Location in Power System
Self Excitation of wind turbine generating System

One of the most common power quality

problems today is voltage dips
A voltage

dip is caused by a fault in the utility

system, a fault within the customers facility
or a large increase of the load current, like
starting a motor or transformer energizing.

Faults

due to lightning, is one of the most

common causes to voltage dips on overhead
lines.

FACTS DEVICES
Flexible AC

Transmission Systems are represented by a

group of power electronic devices.
FACTS devices can be divided into two generations.
Older generation was based on the thyristor valve, where
newer uses Voltage Source Converters (VSC).
Among

the FACTS family, the shunt FACTS devices such as

the STATCOM has been widely used to provide smooth and
rapid steady state and transient voltage control at points in
the network.

The proposed STATCOM control scheme for

grid connected wind energy generation for
power quality improvement has following
objectives
Reactive

power support only from STATCOM to wind

Generator and Load.
Simple bang-bang controller for STATCOM to
achieve fast dynamic response.
Unity power factor at the source side.

STATIC COMPENSATOR (STATCOM)

STATCOM

system is a static synchronous generator

operated as a static compensator connected in
parallel whose output current (inductive or
capacitive) can be controlled independently of the
AC system voltage.
These controllers are possible by the high switching
frequency of the IGBT, GTO, IGCT or IEGT
transistors of the power converter. The system
connects to the grid via a transformer.

 The AC/DC power converter is controlled by PWM techniques.

If V=Vs (pu values), no current flows through Rtr and Ltr.
If V> (or )<Vs, current ows through Rtr and Ltr .

The

STATCOM is an electronically generated three phase

voltage source that is connected to the AC system via a
shunt transformer
When operating as pure STATCOM the generated voltage
is exactly in phase with AC system voltage
If the generated voltage is greater that the terminal voltage
then the device will supply VARs(Capacitive mode) to the
system.
If the internal voltage is less than the terminal voltage the
device will absorb the VRS (inductive )
The control system of the STATCOM is extremely fast and
therefore can rapidly change the magnitude and phase of
the electronically generated voltage

System operational scheme in grid

system

 Usually a STATCOM is installed to support electricity networks

that have a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation.
There are however, other uses, the most common use is for voltage
stability.
A STATCOM is a voltage source converter (VSC)-based device,
with the voltage source behind a reactor. The voltage source is
created from a DC capacitor and therefore a STATCOM has very
little active power capability.
However, its active power capability can be increased if a
suitable energy storage device is connected across the DC
capacitor. The reactive power at the terminals of the STATCOM
depends on the amplitude of the voltage source.

Technical features of STATCOM

Provides fast smooth compensation from inductive to

capacitive in reactive power, also eradicates the reactive
power delivery to the grid. It reads the maximum request to
compensate the power factor and keeps the power factor close
to 1.0 at any time.

Has powerful ability to support the voltage and ability to

withstand short term over load. Provides better support for
improving low voltage ride through characteristics of wind
turbine. Decreases negative influence which caused by
repetive switching operations by the wind turbine.

Low

power loss, better economical operation.

Faster response time and better effect for repeating
flicker.
Produces no harmonic and filtering partial load
harmonic with out amplifying harmonic and no
harmonic resonance.
It has better safety and stability as it is independent on
system parameters.
Less space for installation, also provides flexible
initialization, equipment can be installed indoor or
outdoor.
Low loss and low noise

Applications of STATCOM:
Voltage

control
Active harmonics cancellation and Flicker mitigation
Utilities with weak grid knots or fluctuating reactive
loads
Unbalanced loads
Arc furnaces
Industrial mills
Mining shovels & hoists

STATCOM Advantages:
Continuous

and dynamic voltage control

High dynamic and very fast response time
Maximum reactive current over extended voltage
range
High efficiency
Single phase control for unbalanced loads
Enhanced ride-through capability
High reliability and availability

 To control

the power flow in a AC transmission line to

1. enhance power transfer capacity

2. To change power flow under dynamic conditions
(subjected to disturbances such as sudden increase in
load ,line trip or generator outage) to ensure stability and
security.

The stability can be affected by growing low frequency ,

power oscillations (due to generator rotor swings) loss of
synchronism and voltage collapse caused by major
disturbances.

STATCOM supply require reactive current even at low

values of the bus voltages and can be designed to have built
short term over load capability.

The controller of a STATCOM operates the converter in a

particular way that the phase angle between the converter
voltage and the transmission line voltage is dynamically
adjusted and synchronized so that the STATCOM generates
or absorbs desired VAR at the point of coupling connection.

System operational Scheme in a grid

system

SIMULINK MODEL OF PROJECT:-

SIMULINK MODEL OF STATCOM:-

STATCOM OUTPUT VOLTAGE:-

Three phase injected inverter current output:-

SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT AT PCC:-

a) Source Current.(b) Load Current. (c) Inverter Injected Current.

(d) Wind generator (Induction generator) current

CONCLUSION:
In

this we present the FACTS device (STATCOM) -based control

scheme for power quality improvement in wind generating system on
integration to the grid and with nonlinear load.
The power quality issues and its consequences on the consumer and
electric utility are presented.
The operation of the control system developed for the STATCOM in
MATLAB/SIMULINK for maintaining the power quality is to be
simulated. It has a capability to cancel out the harmonic parts of the
load current.
It maintains the source voltage and current in-phase and support the
reactive power demand for the wind generator and load at PCC in
the grid system, thus it enhance the utilization factor of transmission
line.

THANK YOU