Heat

What is Heat?
Heat is a form of energy.
Heat is measured in Joule.
An object has higher temperature consist more heat
energy.
When two objects have different temperature in thermal
contact, heat energy is transferred between two objects.

Thermal Equilibrium
When two objects in thermal contact, net flow of heat
between them are zero and both have same temperature,
thermal equilibrium is achieved.

Example of Thermal Equilibrium

Remove heat from Forehead when a person has high
fever.
A wet towel is placed on the forehead of a patient.
Heat is transferred from the forehead to the towel until
thermal equilibrium is achieved.
The towel is rinsed in tap water to remove the heat. The
procedures are repeated.

Take reading on thermometer

Thermometer is placed in hot water. Heat is transferred
faster from hot water to the thermometer.
When thermal equilibrium is reached, both thermometer
and hot water have same temperature.
The reading on the thermometer is the temperature of the
hot water.

Understanding Specific Heat

Capacity
Heat is divided into heat capacity and latent heat.
Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy absoebed or
released to change temperature of an object by .
Latent heat is the amount of heat energy absorbed or
released at constant temperature during change of phase.

Specific

heat capacity
Amount of heat required to change 1 kg of substance by 1 .
Example:
Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 .
To change 1 Kg of water by 1 , amount of energy required is
4200 J.

 Specific heat capacity of aluminium is 913 .

How much energy required to change 1 Kg of aluminium
by 1

Water and aluminum, which one heat up faster?

Explain your answer.

Understanding Question

Sea Breeze
Explain why this phenomenon happens?
Cold air

Hot air

Land Breeze
Explain why this phenomenon happens?
Hot air

Cold air

When a few drop of alcohol contact with your hand, your

hand felt cold.
Explain how this happens.

Your body sweats when you are feeling hot. How does
sweating helps to cool down your body?

Amount of Heat absorbed or

released

Problem Solving
1.Calculate the total heat that is observed by a
copper block of mass 500 g and which has been
heated from 31 C to 80C. (specific heat
capacity of copper )

2. When an electric heater is supplied with an

electric power of 2
kW to heat 4 kg of water for 1 minute, calculate
the increase in
temperature of the water.
(specific heat capacity of water )
Assume there is no heat loss to the surroundings.

3. 300 g of water at temperature 40 C is mixed

with 900 g of water
at temperature 80 C. If there is no heat loss to
the
surroundings, what is the final temperature
when thermal
equilibrium is achieved by the mixture of water?