JANTA SHIKSHANA SAMITI’S

BANASHANKARI ARTS, COMMERCE, S.K GUBBI SCIENCE,

(JOC) BBA / BCA & M.Sc (I.Sc) COLLEGE
VIDYAGIRI, DHARWAD – 580 004
 POWER TO YOUR HAND

A Presentation On

INTERNET
 The Internet

Every machine
transparently connected to
every other
 Internetworking : terms of art
 An Internet: A network of networks of
computer hosts able to seamlessly
communicate - usually through the Internet
Protocol (IP) and services

Enterprise Internet: Public Data Internet:

An Internet within Internet services
made available to
an organization
the public

The Internet: More than 2,00,000

Internets connected together
 What’s a protocol?
network protocols:
• all communication
activity in Internet
governed by protocols define:
protocols – format and order of
msgs sent and received
among network entities,
and
– actions taken on msgs
transmission and
receipt
 What’s a protocol?
• a human protocol and a computer network
protocol:

Hi TCP connection
req.
Hi
TCP connection
What is reply.
the time? Get http://www.cs.uml.edu/index.html
2:00
<file>
time
 WHAT IS THE INTERNET?
• The Internet is a global network of
computer networks. Each of these
networks contains anywhere from two to
thousands of computers that are linked
together using special rules called
protocols. When computers are connected
to the Internet they are able to
communicate and share information
 The Internet
• Inter = international
• Net = network
• a global collection of interconnected
networks - a network of networks
• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”,
“Virtual Community”
 HOW DID THE INTERNET
START?
• The Internet began in the late 1960s as a network of
computers that the United States Department of Defense
developed using communication technology that could
continue to function even when it was partially damaged.
• In the 1980s the National Science Foundation (NSF)
used this same technology to create its own network
(NSFNET), which allowed researchers to share data and
access resources located on remote computers.
• Eventually many educational, governmental, commercial,
and other organizations connected their own local
computer networks to the NSFNET to form what is now
known as the Internet.
 WHO CONTROLS THE
INTERNET?

The Internet is not controlled by any

individual or group. Currently, a non-profit
organization called the Internet Society
(ISOC) elects a board that is responsible
for managing the technology and direction
of the Internet.
 WHAT CAN I DO ON THE
INTERNET?
• COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS
– Electronic Mail (email)
• Using email you can exchange messages with
other people around the world. You can also
subscribe to electronic discussion lists and
journals.
– Usenet Newsgroups
• Usenet is an informal network of computers that
allows you to post and read messages in
newsgroups that focus on specific topics.
 WHAT CAN I DO ON THE
INTERNET?
• TELNET
– Telnet allows you to log on to and use other
computers that are connected to the Internet no
matter where they are located. Telnet is commonly
used to connect to library catalogs, community
information systems, and fee-based database
services.
• FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
– FTP allows you to transfer files to and from computers
that are connected to the Internet. Files that are
transferred using FTP can contain text, images,
sounds, software, etc.
 WHAT CAN I DO ON THE
INTERNET?
• WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
– The World Wide Web allows you to access
information on any computer, world-wide, that makes
files publicly available using hypertext transfer
protocol (HTTP). This protocol allows hypertext links
between files on the same computer, or on other
computers on the Internet.
• GOPHER
– Gopher also allows you to access files on the Internet.
Because gopher sites do not allow graphical displays
or hypertext linking, most of them are already
replaced by World Wide Web sites.
 What Is the Web?
• The World Wide Web is a
collection of electronic
documents that are linked
together like a spider web.

• These documents are stored on

computers called servers
located around the world.
• The Web has evolved into a
global electronic publishing
medium and increasingly, a
medium for conducting
electronic commerce.
 How the Web Works
• Web pages are stored on web
servers located around the
globe.

• Entering the (Uniform Resource

Locator) URL of a web page in
your web browser or clicking a
link sends a request to the
server which hosts the page.
• The server sends the web page
to your computer and your web
browser displays it on your
screen.
 What is an Web Page ?
• A web page (such as the one you
are looking at now) is an
electronic document written in a
computer language called HTML
(Hypertext Markup Language).

• Web pages can contain text,

graphics, video, animation, and
sound, as well as interactive
features, such as data entry
forms.
• Each page has a unique address
known as a URL (Uniform
Resource Locator), which
identifies its location on the server.
 What is an Website ?
• A website is one or
more web pages that
relate to a common
theme, such as a
person, business,
organization, or a
subject, such as sports.

• The first page is called

the home page, which
acts like an index,
indicating the content
on the site.

From the home page, you can click hyperlinks to access other web pages.
 Using Web URLs
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator) indicates where the web page is stored on the
Internet.

• You need to type a URL exactly for your browser to locate the desired web page.

• Some large websites have multiple URLs that access the

same site
• The location box or address field on your browser indicates
the URL of the page you arrived at after clicking a link.
 Web Browsers
A web browser is a software program used to access the World Wide Web.

A browser (also known as client software)

retrieves data from remote web servers and
displays a web page.

The two most popular browsers come

from Netscape and Microsoft.

Browsers basically work the same way.

Once you know one, you can easily learn
the other.
 Multimedia on the Web
Sound, video, animation, and 3D
interactive video are referred to as
multimedia.
Some multimedia, called
streaming media, plays as soon
as you access a web page.

Others require that you download

the multimedia file to your computer
first.
Multimedia files often requires that
your browser use a plug-in program.
 Plug-Ins
Plug-ins are small software
programs that extend the capabilities
of your browser by enabling it to play
sounds and video clips or do other
functions, such as automatically
decompressing files that you
download.

Plug-ins may come with your

browser software or can be
downloaded from websites.

Some plug-ins enable streaming audio

or video, which lets you hear or view a
multimedia file before it has completely
downloaded to your computer.
 Accessing the Internet
• Getting connected
– Connect from home, school, or business
– Requires an ISP
– Communications software
– Web browser
Levels of Internet Access
Direct Broadband
Connection – Connection –
leasing fiber optic high-speed “always
cable or similar
transmission media on” multi-signal
connection, small to
Dedicated medium-sized
Leased- organizations
Line (cable, DSL, satellite)
Connectio Dial-up Connection –
n – by large most common form of
organization; connection;
entire LAN
connected to ISDN: high-speed dial-up
the Internet + digital phone
 Making Connections

To go online your computer must be equipped with a

modem, a device that translates the digital signals from your
computer into analog signals that travel over a standard
phone line.
 Internet Service Providers (ISP)
• a company that
provides Internet
connection services
to the general public
to the Internet
• any online system
that has direct
Internet connection
and provides
access to it
 About Modems
Modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator.

Modems were
invented to
convert digital
computer signals
into a form that
allows them to
travel over phone
lines.
 DSL
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), a high-speed or
broadband technology, has become increasingly
popular. A DSL line remains connected to the
Internet.

• Data is downloaded to your computer at rates up

to 8 Mbps and you can send data at 4Mbps.

• DSL service requires a digital modem or a

network card in your computer.
 IP ADDRESSES
• Computers use IP addresses (e.g.,
35.8.2.61) to identify and communicate
with each other.
• These addresses contain four separate
numbers that represent the general to
specific location of a computer as you read
them from left to right.
• You may sometimes see IP addresses but
will rarely need to use them.
 Internet Architecture
– IP Addressing (dotted quad)
– To identify hosts
– 140.186.81.6 = two parts:
network 140.186,
host PC 81.6

– PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and

– PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) = same network
– router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to
talk

e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1

 Internet Architecture
• Domain Naming • 3-letter zones =
System organization, 2-letter
– user-friendly naming zones = country
scheme (lettered IP
address system) edu – educational institution
– domain name server
mil – military
• zones: organizational gov – government
and geographic net – network
com – commercial
org – organization
Connecting to the Internet
Internet
 HOW WE ARE
CONNECTED TO THE
INTERNET TO USE
GLOBAL ACESS
 NETWORKS
LAN WAN
• equipment + resources • a bigger network = 2 or
• facilitate access, transfer more interconnected
and distribution of data LANs
and information • global companies/
• low cost high-speed data agencies with common
transfer databases and
• information sharing needs
office building,
warehouse, campus, or
any other facility

Internet: a network of networks

accessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.
J.S.S - BANASHANKARI ARTS, COMMERCE, S.K
GUBBI SCIENCE, BBA / BCA & M.Sc (I.Sc)
COLLEGE

Presented By :-
Santosh M Shirodkar
B.B.A IV sem
Reg. No :- 08B11078
 J.S.S - BANASHANKARI ARTS, COMMERCE, S.K
GUBBI SCIENCE, BBA / BCA & M.Sc (I.Sc)
COLLEGE

Course : COMPUTERS II

Submitted To:-