Vascular resistant

Saja al-marshad
Senior RC student
Dammam university
 Vascular resistance

• is a term used to define the

resistance to flow that must
be overcome to
push blood through
the circulatory system
• >>>like the movement of fluid through a tube
• Vascular resistance is the impediment
offered by the vascular bed to flow.
• The greatest resistance occurs at the site
of the greatest drop in pressure
(arterioles).
• The percentage of total vascular
resistance estimated for each region of the
systemic vascular is:
Aorta and larger arteries: 9%; Small arteries
and branches: 16%; Arterioles: 41%;
Capillaries: 27%;
Venules: 4%; Small veins: 1%; Large veins:
2%.
Factors Influencing Vascular
Resistance

• The type of vascular arrangement

• The type of blood present, that is the
viscosity and thickness of blood, blood
flow is laminar or turbulent in nature.
• The size of the individual vessel,
including its length and diameter
• Other forces acting on the blood
vessel (gravity etc.)
..Cont
• Presence of any vascular diseases, which
causes blood circulation problems, like
atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular
disease etc. Certain diseases lead to
vasoconstriction, that is, constriction of the
blood vessels, which increases the
vascular resistance, while some diseases
lead to vasodilatation, that is, dilation of
blood vessels, which decreases the
vascular resistance
TYPES OF RESISTANT:
 systemic vascular resistance or total
peripheral vascular resistance
is defined as the resistance offered to the
blood flow by all of the systemic
vasculature, with the exception of the
pulmonary vasculature.
• Peripheral resistance increases in cases of
increased secretion of epinephrine and
norepinephrine, as these cause
vasoconstriction

• SVR= mean aortic pressure – right atreal pressure

Cardiac output
• Normally mean aortic pressure = 90 mmhg
• Normally the right atrial pressure = 4
mmgh
• Cardiac output = 4 L/min
• sO

= 90-4
5
• =17.2 Hg/L/min
 Now think

What could increase

or decrease it??
Pulmonary vascular resistant
(PVR)
• is defined as the resistance offered by the
vasculature of the lungs.
• Normally, the pulmonary vascular
resistance is much lower than systemic
vascular resistance.
• On most occasions, heart circulatory
problems, directly affect the PVR.

?? HOW
• with any changed communication between
left and right sides of the heart

• blood will get diverted to the areas of low

resistance from areas of high resistance,
which causes an increase in the
pulmonary blood flow.

• This causes an increase in the pulmonary

vascular resistance,
• thus, causing damage to the pulmonary
vasculature, which may even become
irreversible.
How to calculate the PVR
• Normally the mean pulmonary artery
pressure is = 16 mmHg
• Left atreal pressure = 8 mmHg
• Cardiac output = 5 L/min
• SO

= 16-8
5

= 1.6 mmHg/l/min
 Now think

What could increase

or decrease it??
THANQ
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