GOVERNMENT ENGINERING COLLEGE-BHARUCH(014)

6TH SEM. E.C.

DIV. : A

BATCH : A3

ANTENNA & WAVE PROPAGATION [2161003]

LOOP ANTENNAS
Made By
PRATIK NAKRANI

130140111046
Guided By

Prof. MukeshChaurasiya

Types of
Antenna

Wire antenna
1. Linear wire antenna
2. Loop antenna
3. Helical antenna
Aperture antenna
Micro strip antenna
Reflector antenna
Lens antenna

Antenn
a

An antenna is a sensor of electromagnetic

waves. It acts like transducer which converts
electrical energy into EM energy at
transmitting side and EM energy into electrical
energy at the receiving side.
Also it is impedance matching device as it
matches the impedance of the transmitter and
free space.

Linear wire
Antenna
Loop Antennas

When Current passed through straight wires, it results in radiation

Instead of keeping straight if we turned into loop , it results in radiation
Generally , Loop have any shape! But Square and circular loop is popular.

Types Of Loop
[Dimensions]

Electrically
Small Loop

When Overall length of loop is less then one-tenth of wave

length.
N* Circumference <
N = Number of Turns

Electrically
Large Loop

When Overall length of loop is

These Loops will have maximum radiation along
perpendicular to the loop

Electrically
Small Loop

The Radiation pattern of these loops will have null direction

perpendicular to the plane of loop.
Properties These have small radiation resistance () Thus Radiation is Poor
Hence Rarely used in Transmission
But they can use for receiving antennas in Radios
can be increased by increasing its size or number of Turns [N].
Another way to increase is to insert within its circumference or
perimeter,
a ferrite core of very high permeability () FERRITE LOOP its
increases
the H hence

Small Loop
Antennas

When Overall length of loop is less then one-tenth of wave length is

called small loop antenna.
d
a

Circular loop
Area

Square loop
Area [

Radiation

Pattern for
Both the loop is same
when
=

The Radiation Fields of small loops are independent of shape of the loop but
only depends upon the area of the loop therefore we select the square loop for
simple analysis

Radiation
Pattern

Radiation
Resistance
This

relates the power supplied to the antenna and the

current flowing into the antenna.

For loop antenna,

The greater the radiation resistance, the more energy is

radiated or received by the antenna.

Directivity
The directivity measures the antennas ability
to concentrate its power in a given direction
The directivity is the same as that of an
infinitesimal dipole.
The radiation characteristics of a small loop
antenna can be additionally improved by
inserting a ferromagnetic core.

Advantag
es
Loop antennas feature simplicity, low cost and
versatility.
Much less affected by human body movement
than other antennas and is therefore suitable
for indoor installations.
Potential gain up to 2dB compared to a half
wave length dipole
Exhibits the same radiation pattern as dipole.

Disadvant
ages

For maximum efficiency the antenna

must be vey large for FM
The antenna is rarely used for
transmission because of its small
radiation efficiency.

Applicati
ons

Small loop antenna is used as receiving

antenna in radios and pagers.
Used in applications involving HF(330MHz),VHF(30-300MHz) and UHF(3003000MHz).
They can also be used in microwave range
(1GHz-100GHz) as field probes.

Thank You

Image credits : Amazon India Ltd

Compatible in : Microsoft office 2013