HUMANIT

IES

MUSIC
MUSIC is the universal language of peace
Rhythm, harmony, and balance are
concepts that apply equally well to music
and the natural world.
Music can be produced through vocal or
instrumental medium.
The sound may be amplified once a
vibration happened such as in the voice
box of every humans or in any musical
instrument

IN NURSING

 SOUND ART- is a term for diverse set

of art practices which utilize sound
and listening as the subject matter
and material. Among the wide
variety of forms that might be
grouped within the category of sound
art are:

-Kinetic sounding sculpture

-Automatons
-experimental radio
-sound installations ( often utilizing site-specificity)
-guided sound-walks
-instrument making
-graphic scores
-sound poetry
-video art
-acoustic ecology/phonography
-and even works in which sound is implied rather than
explicit.

SOUND
Sound is created when an object vibrates. This
vibrations are perceived by our ears, and then sent to
our brain. Our brain in turn analyzes these signals
and lets us know what type of sound we are hearing.
Music is differentiated from other sounds because it
has certain qualities.
When you listen to a piece of music youll notice that
it has several different characteristics it may be soft
or loud, slow, fast, combine different instruments and
have a regular rhythmic pattern. All of these are
known as the ELEMENTS OF MUSIC.

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

Beat and Meter- in order to define meter ,lets first define beats.
Beats gives music its regular rhythmic patern. Beats are grouped
together in a measure the notes and rest corresponds to a certain
number of beats, grouping together strong and weak beats.
Meter may be in duple ( 2 beats in a measure) triple, (3 beats in a
measure) quadruple (4 beats in a measure) and so on
DYNAMIICS- are abbreviations or symbols used to signify the
degree of loudness or softness of a piece of music. It is also
indicates whether there is a change in volume.
HARMONY- in general ,harmony refers to the combination of notes
played together and the relationship between a series of chords.
MELODY- it refers to the tune of a song or piece of music. It is a
memorable tune created by playing a succession or series of pitch.

Musical instruments are classified as percussion, strings,
woodwinds, brass and keyboards.
SACHS- HORNBOSTEL SYSTEM- a type of vibrating material used to
produce sound.
Our voice is also considered a musical instrument.

Different voice type or vocal range and no two voices

are:

 -MUSIC NOTATION: refers to the symbols used to represent

music when writing it down.
PITCH: the relative lowness or highness thet we hear in a
sound.
RHYTHM: it may be define as the pattern or placement of
sounds in time and beats in music.
TEMPO: the eitalian word at the beginning of a music piece
that indicates how slow or fast the piece should be played.
TEXTURE: musical texture refers to the number of layers as
well as the type of layers used in composition and how these
layers are related.
TIMBRE- also known as tone color : it refers to the quality of
sound that distinguishes onevoice or instrument from another.

 MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
The great majority of musical instruments fall readily into one of six major categories: bowed strings,
woodwind, brass, percussion. Keyboard, and the guitar family, the first four of which form the basis
of the modern symphony orchestra

BOWED STRING INSTRUMENT- the four principle orchestral string instruments are ( in descending
divided into two pitch) the violins (usually divided into two sections, playing individual parts) the
violas, the cellos and the double basses. Each have four strings arranged in order of pitch, can be
played by means of a bow (ARCO) orplucked (PIZZICATO) but whereas the violin and viola are played
with the instrument resting between the shoulder and the chin, the larger CELLO ( or to give it its full
title, VIOLONCELLO)- is a placed facing outwards between and slightly behind the knees, and the
bulky double bass is played standing up or seated on a high stool.

ENTHUSIASTS OF MEDIEVAL, RENAIISANCE and EARLY BAROQUE music will encounter earlier
varieties of bowed instruments known variously as VIELLE, VIOL or its earliest form, fidel (hence the
modern nickname for a violin FIDDLE). The most popular member of the viol family is the CELLOs
precursor, the vila da gamba (literally VIOL of the legs.
WOODWINDS- the four principle of wood winds of the orchestra all work by means of a system of
keys (usually silver-plated) which when variously depressed and released allow air to pass through
differing lengths of the instrument resulting in notes of different pitch. In order of descending over all
pitch, these are:

FLUTE- a normally silver-plated (or in more extravagant cases, gold) narrow bored instrument, held
horizontally just under the mouth and activated by blowing air across an aperture at one end of the
instrument.
OBOE- a narrow- bored wooden instrument descended from the medievalshawm, held vertically and
activated by means of placing the end positioned double-reed in the mouth and blowing under highpressure so as to force air between the two b ound reeds, causing them to vibrate.
CLARINET- like the oboe usually wooden, played vertically and held in the mouth but with a wider
bore and consisteing of a single reed which when activated vibrates against a detachable
mouthpiece .
BASSON- as the name would suggest the bass member of the woodwind family, and by far the
largest especially its lower-pitched relation the extremely bulky double or contrabassoon.


BRASS INSTRUMENTS
BI-are also activated by blowing into them although instead of
using a form of reed over which the mouth is placed, the lips
are placed against or inside the cup of a metal mouth piece
and made to vibrate against its inner rim. In order of
descending pitch, these aree:
TRUMPET- one of the most ancient of all instruments. Played
horizontally via a series of valves on the top of the instrument
which are opened and closed in various combinations to create
different pitches.
FRENCH HORN- another ancient instrument descended from
the use of animals horns (hence the name) in pre historic time.
TROMBONE- descended from the medieval sackbut it is the
only popular orchestral wind instrument which operates
without the use of a valve or key system.
TUBA- not unlike the French horn in basic construction , only
more oval in shape and much bigger.

 PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
PI- is a probably best defined as one where a resonating surface is struck by the player
either by hand or by some form of stick.

TUNED- timpani or kettle drum, xylophone, glockenspiel, tubular bells, vibraphone,
marimba. Occasionally the piano and celesta are included in scores as part of the
percussion section.
INDEFINITE PITCH- triangle, gong, castanets, whip, rattle, anvil, tambourine, cymbals
(struck and clushing) and a variety of drums ( side tenor, bass, tabor, bongo etc.)
KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS
Conveniently collected together as any instrument which is operated by means of a
standard keyboard, the differences in operation are wide-ranging and carry obvious
associations with certain of the above categories. These break down into four main types.
PLUCKED- mostly instruments emanating from the 17 th/18th centuries where a series of
stretched and tuned strings are plucked by a quill or plectrum (e.g harpsichord, virginal,
spinet).
STRUCK- where the strings are actually hit, either by a tangent (e.g 17 th/18th century
clavichord) , or hammers (e.g piano, celesta).

ELECTRONIC
Where a number of effects approximating to those derived from any of the above
instruments as well as totally original sounds, can be achieved ( e.g electronic organ ,
synthesizer).
GUITAR FAMILY- the classical guitar is typically a spanish-derived ,six- stringed instrument
played using a plectrum or the finger- nails , with frets set into the fingerboard. Popular
music tends to use amplification for both six- stringed instruments and the four- string bass
guitar. The guitar family gradually supplanted the lute which had come to prominence
during the renaissance

VOICE CLASSIFICATION AND VOCAL ENSEMBLES

1. Two main groups of human voices : female voices (including
children) male voices Voices are classified by their timbre and range
timbre is the quality or color of the voice range is all of the notes that
a person can sing .
2. Soprano is the highest voice Mezzo soprano (alto) is the middle
voice Contralto is the lowest voice treble is the word for a childs
voice.
3. Tenor-is the highest voice Baritone is the middle voice bass is the
lowest voice.
4. Vocal ensembles can be classified by number of voices, types of
voices and style of music. Ensembles by styles: concert choir
(traditional) Jazz choir Show choir ( sing and dance) Church choir
ensembles by types of voices: childrens choir, mens choir, womens
choir Mixed choir ensembles by number : solo, duet, trio, quartet,
octet, etc.
Chamber choir : small group Choir or chorus: Large group

TYPES OF VOCAL MUSIC

A CAPELLA- A capella ( Italian for chapel or choir) vocal music is
sung without any instrumental accompaniment.
Songs- the most common type of vocal music is a song. A song is
typically composed for a religious purpose. FRANZ SCHUBERTS
(SCHWANENGESANG) composed in 1828.
Sacred- vocal music performed in a religious setting or composed
for a religious purposed. GEORG FREDERIC HANDELS *( THE
MESSIAH) composed in 1741.
Secular- music written in non- religious setting. Popular vocal
music of renaissance and baroque periods were considered to be
secular vocal works.
Dramatic- operas and musicals fall into another type of vocal
music called dramatic vocal music. GEORGE GRESHWINS ( PORGY
AND BESS AND MOZARTS , THE MAGIC FLUTE) are both examples
of this vocal music type.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF MUSIC

There are many theories regarding when and where music originated . many agree
that music began even before man existed.
MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGES
Music during the middle ages is characterized by the beginning of musical notation
as well as polyphony.
RENAISANCE
Means rebirth and in music this period brought about many changes in the way music
was created and perceived .
BAROQUE
The word baroque comes from the Italian word barocco which means bizarre. The
Baroque period was a time when composers experimented with form, styles, and
instrument. This period saw the development of opera and instrumental music.
20th Century
Music during the 20th century brought about many innovations on how music was
performed and appreciated. Artists were more willing to experiment on new music
forms and used technology to enhance their compositions.
PHILIPPINE MUSIC
Vocal and indigenous musical instruments were expressed as part of the everyday
activities of the early Filipinos. Any playful sound of ethnic music are produced from
bamboo made instruments. The variety of this instruments are: Kalelleng (nose flute)
Ung-a-yong (lip flute) tangkol (chordophones) gitgit (guitar) kutyapi,bungkaka,gong
( maranao) and gangsa (northern Luzon) one of this instruments are combined and
played with one another , the group is now called Gamelan.

Viola

Cello

Double
Bass

Flute

Oboe

Clarinet

Bassoon

Trumpet

French
Horn

Trombone

Tuba

Timpani

Xylophone

Glockenspie

Tubular Bell

Vibraphone

Marimba

Piano

Celesta

Triangle

Gong

astanets

Rattle

Anvil

Cymbals

Drums

Harpsichor

Virginal

Spinet

Piano

Celesta

Guitar

Secular

Kalelleng

Ung-a-yong

Gitgit

Kutyapi

Gong

Gangsa

Medieval Perio

Evolution of
Filipino Musi