Professional Documents
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trade
International trade
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HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL
TRADE
The trading was restricted to local markets because of the risk
in transportation over long distances.
Slave trade
production.
international
trade.
Volume of trade:
The actual
tonnage of goods traded makes up the volume. However,
services traded cannot be measured in tonnage. Therefore,
the total value of goods and services traded is considered to
be the volume of trade.
Direction of trade
:Historically, the
Composition of trade
:
It consists of the nature of good and services which are
exported or imported .
Trade of primary products was dominant in the beginning of
the last century.
Later manufactured goods gained prominence.
currently, though the manufacturing sector commands the
bulk of the global trade, service sector which includes travel,
transportation and other commercial services have been
showing an upward trend.
Balance of Trade
GATT
(GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE AND TARIFF)
DEMERITS OF WTO
It is argued that free trade does not make ordinary peoples
lives more prosperous.
It is actually widening the gulf between rich and poor by
making rich countries more rich
The influential nations in the WTO focus on their own
commercial interests.
Moreover, many developed countries have not fully opened
their markets to products from developing countries.
It is also argued that issues of health, workers rights, child
labour and environment are ignored.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
BENEFITS
DRAWBACKS
regional specialisation,
dependence on other
higher level of
countries
uneven levels of
development
Exploitation
commercial rivalry
leading to wars
production
better standard of living,
worldwide availability of
goods and services
equalisation of prices &
wages
diffusion of knowledge
and culture
REGIONAL BLOC
HEAD
QUARTER
MEMBER
NATIONS
ASEAN
(Association of South East Asian
Nations)
Jakarta,
Indonesia
CIS
(Commonwealth of Independent
States)
Minsk,
Belarus
Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,
Georgia,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzs
tan,
Moldova,Russia,Tajikistan,Tu
rkmenistan,Ukraine
andUzbekistan
--------
EU
(European Union)
Brussels,
Belgium
Austria, Belgium,Denmark,
France, Finland,Ireland,
Italy,
Netherlands,Luxemburg,Por
tugal, Spain,Sweden and
U.K.
1992
LAIA
(Latin American Integration
Association)
Montevid
eo
Uruguay
Argentina,brazil,Bolivia,Colu 1960
mbia,equador,Mexico,Parag
uay, Peru, Uruguay and
Venezuela
NAFTA
(North American Free Trade
Association)
ORIGI
N
1994
Ports
The chief gateways of the world of international trade are the
harbours and ports.
Cargoes and travellers pass from one part of the world to
another through these ports.
The ports provide facilities of docking, loading, unloading and
the storage facilities for cargo.
In order to provide these facilities, the port authorities make
arrangements for maintaining navigable channels, arranging
tugs barges, and providing labour and managerial services.
Types of Port
ACCORDING TO CARGO HANDLED
Commercial Ports:
These ports handle
general cargopackaged products
and manufactured
good. These ports also
handle passenger
traffic
Industrial Ports:
These ports specialise
in bulk cargo like grain,
sugar, ore, oil,
chemicals and similar
materials.
Comprehensive
Ports:
Such ports handle
bulk and general
cargo in large
volumes. Most of the
worlds great ports are
classified as
comprehensive ports.
COMMERCIAL PORT
INDUSTRIAL PORT
Inland Ports:
These ports are located away from
the sea coast. They are linked to the
sea through a river or a canal.
For example, Manchester is linked
with a canal; Memphis is located on
the river Mississippi; Rhine has
several ports like Mannheim and
Duisburg; and Kolkata is located on
the river Hoogli, a branch of the river
Ganga.
Ports of Call:
(iii)
Packet Station: These are also known as ferry ports. These packet
(v) Naval Ports: These are ports which have only strategic importance.
These ports serve warships and have repair workshops for them.
Kochi and Karwar are examples of such ports in India.
SINGAPORE ENTREPORT
NAVAL PORT
I LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
What is balance of trade?
What are trade blocs?
Name the countries constituting OPEC.
Why sea ports are called gateways of international trade
What is port of call?
What are packets stations?
Why was silk route so called?
When was SAFTA formed? Name any two member nations of SAFTA .
When was ASEAN formed and where is its headquarter located?
II LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
Explain three important aspects of international trade.
Explain with examples the major concerns related to international trade.
Explain any three types of ports on the basis of specialized location.
What are the benefits of forming trade blocs to the concerned countries?
Distinguish between bilateral and multilateral trade .
III LEVEL ASSIGNMENT
State any three basis of international trade.
Trade is the basis of world economy in the modern times. Justify the statement
with suitable examples
What is world trade organization why has it been criticized and opposed explain
any four reasons
Why is it detrimental for a nation to have negative balance of trade?
International trade is a barometer of the economic development of a country
explain this statement.
ACTIVITY
Locate and label on the world map
Main seaports of the world
Ports on the west coast of india
Ports on the east coast of india
Newly developed ports to relieve pressure on Mumbai and
Chennai port.
PROJECT
Collect information about the following regional trade blocs
1.ASEAN
2. SAFTA
3. OPEC
Prepare a presentation on the working and functioning of WTO.
(hints-establishment, advantages,disadvantages,criticism)