MORALITY

A Presentation

INTRODUCTION
In todays world understanding of values, ethics and morality is important
for ones professional as well as personal development.
Morals or moral values are generally associated with personal view of
values. They can reflect the influence of religion, culture, family and
friends.
Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave. Ethical
values are beliefs concerning what is morally right and proper as opposed
to what is simply correct or effective.
Ones moral values or understandings help them resolve a question about
how to act, which ultimately helps an individual for effective decision
making in the professional world.
This helps people formulate solutions to problems in ethical manner.

ETHICS
Ethics or moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that
involves, defending and recommending concepts of right and
wrong conduct.
Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong.
Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs.
Being ethical is doing what the law requires.
Ethics consist of the standards of behavior our society accepts.

ETHICS
THREE MAJOR AREAS OF STUDY WITHIN ETHICS RECOGNISED
TODAY ARE:Meta ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of
moral propositions, and how their truth values can be determined.
Normative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a
moral course of action.
Applied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated to do in a
specific situation or a particular domain of action.

VALUES
Values are judgments about how important something is to
us.

There are three basic attributes of values.

1) values are subjective judgments.
2) we may make a judgment of how important something is
relative to something else.
3) values may be principles that help us make important
personal decisions.

VALUES
TYPES OF VALUES
Personal values:
These are considered essential principles on which we build our life
and guide us to relate with other people. They are usually a blend of
family values and social-cultural values, together with our own
individual ones, according to our experiences.

Family values:
These are valued in a family and are considered either good or bad.
They are the basic principles and guidelines of our initial behavior in
society, and are conveyed through our behaviors in the family, from
the simplest to the most complex.

VALUES
TYPES OF VALUES
Social-cultural values:
These are the prevailing values of our society, which change
with time, and either coincide or not with our family or
personal values. They constitute a complex mix of different
values, and at times they contradict one another.
Material values:
These values allow us to survive, and are related to our basic
needs as human beings, such as food and clothing and
protection from the environment.

VALUES
TYPES OF VALUES
Spiritual values:
They refer to the importance we give to non-material aspects
in our lives. They add meaning and foundation to our life, as
do religious beliefs.

Moral values:
The attitudes and behaviors that a society considers
essential for coexistence, order, and general well being.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
VALUES AND ETHICS
Values can be universal as well as personal and are actually beliefs
a person has that help him behave in a particular manner all his life.
Ethics are unwritten code of conduct that are to be followed by an
individual or employees in an organization.
Values are more general statements while ethics relates to putting
those values into effect in concrete situations.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
VALUES AND ETHICS

"Values motivate, ethics necessarilyconstrain (because we live in a

society, we cannot live our values any way we want).
Values describe what is important in a person's life, while ethics and
morals prescribe what is or is not considered appropriate behaviour
in living one's life.
values are our measures of importance, whereas ethics represent our
judgments about right and wrong.The close relationship between
importance and right and wrong is a powerful influence on our
behaviour and how we evaluate the behaviour of others.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
VALUES AND ETHICS

Concepts such as material success, individualism, efficiency, thrift,

freedom, courage, hard work, prudence, competition, patriotism,
compromise, and punctuality all are value standards that have
varying degrees of potency in contemporary American culture. But
we probably would not view them primarily as ethical standards of
right and wrong. Ethical judgments focus more precisely on degrees
of rightness and wrongness in human behaviour.
However, standards such as honesty, truthfulness, fairness, and
humaneness usually are used in making ethical judgments of
rightness and wrongness in human behaviour.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MORAL
VALUES

Positive moral valuesare important because they allow you to have an

overall feeling of peace and joy. Moral values can give meaning and purpose
to your life. You are able to direct your behavior towards beneficial and
fulfilling activities.
When you live your life according to moral values that are based on
honesty, compassion, courage, modesty, and forgiveness, then you can also
form positive bonds with other people.
Thirdly, the moral value of courage gives you the determination to face
anything that impedes your progress through life. You will also be able to
overcome any obstacles because you wont let fear hold you back. Others
will feel confident relying on you for encouragement because you find
solutions to whatever problems arise in your life. When courage is one of
your moral values, you can bravely face the world.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MORAL
VALUES

Lastly, it is also important to incorporate the moral value of

forgiveness in your life. Forgiveness allows you to move past hurtful
or damaging situations. It allows you to abandon feelings of anger or
resentment against others or yourself. You can be emotionally
healthy when you practice forgiveness because it keeps you from
holding onto pain and resentment.
In conclusion, moral values are extremely important for your overall
well-being. Moral values provide a structure for your life. Honesty
makes you respectable.

SOME IMPORTANT MORAL

VALUES
Be honest and trustworthy. Refrain from lying, cheating
and stealing. It includes being honest with yourself as well
as with others.
Have integrity. Have courage of conviction. Stand up for
what is right. Do what you say you will do; be dependable
and keep your promises.
Be caring and compassionate. Do what you can to improve
the lives of others (as well as all life on this planet).
Be fair and just. Treat others as you want them to treat
you. Do not discriminate.
Persevere. Dont give up; see obstacles and setbacks as
lessons.

SOME IMPORTANT MORAL

VALUES

Take personal responsibility. Own your life! Be accountable for your

thoughts, words and actions. Know that your circumstances are a direct
result of your thoughts, words and actions. Do not blame, judge, criticize or
condemn.
Have empathy. See things from different perspectives; put yourself in
others shoes so you can understand them and their point of view.
Respect others. Know that your way is not the only way; it is one of several
billion ways. Acknowledge the dignity, freedoms and rights of others.
Forgive. Leave past hurts and misunderstandings behind. Stop any cycles of
causing pain to oneself or others. Dont seek revenge seek peace.
Be open-minded. Open your mind to alternative points of view different
points of view are just as real to others as your point of view is to

MORAL FOUNDATIONS
QUESTIONNAIRE

When you decide whether something is right or wrong, to what extent are the following
considerations relevant to your thinking? Please rate each statement using this scale:

[0] = not at all relevant (This consideration has nothing to do with my judgments of right and
wrong)
[1] = not very relevant
[2] = slightly relevant
[3] = somewhat relevant
[4] = very relevant
[5] = extremely relevant (This is one of the most important factors when I judge
right and wrong)
______1. Whether or not someone suffered emotionally
______2. Whether or not some people were treated differently than others
______3. Whether or not someones action showed love for his or her country
______4. Whether or not someone showed a lack of respect for authority
______5. Whether or not someone violated standards of purity and decency

MORAL FOUNDATIONS
QUESTIONNAIRE
______6. Whether or not someone was cruel
______7. Whether or not someone was denied his or her rights
______8. Whether or not someone showed a lack of loyalty
______9. Whether or not an action caused chaos or disorder
______10. Whether or not someone acted in a way that God would
approve of

MORAL FOUNDATIONS
QUESTIONNAIRE
SCORING
The box then shows your score on each of 5 psychological foundations of morality.
Scores run from 0-30 for each foundation. (Questions 6 and 22 are just used to catch
people who are not paying attention. They don't count toward your scores).

CONCLUSION
Values are core beliefs or desires that guide or motivate our
attitude and actions. What one values drives his or her behaviour.
Some people value honesty or truthfulness in all situations; others
value loyalty to a higher degree in certain situations.
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that theoretically, logically and
rationally determines right from wrong, good from bad, moral from
immoral and just from unjust actions, conducts and behaviour.
Some people define ethics simply as doing what you say you will
do or walking the talk .

CONCLUSION
Overall, morality establishes the rules and standards that govern the
moral behaviour of individuals and groups. It also distinguishes between
right and wrong conducts. It involves honest consideration to underlying
motive, to possible potential harm and to congruency with established
values and rules.
ethics describes a generally accepted set of moral principles
morals describes the goodness or badness or right or wrong of actions
values describes individual or personal standards of what is valuable or
important.