Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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What is sociology?
What is its focus?
What is anthropology ?
What is the sphere of
anthropology?
SAINS FIZIKAL
Biologi, Fizik, Kimia,
Matematik etc.
SAINS KEMANUSIAAN
Sejarah, Bahasa,
Sastera, Muzik etc.
SAINS SOSIAL
Ekonomi, Psikologi
Antropologi,
Sosiologi, Ekonomi
Bidang Sains
Chinese women
With a bound feet
Continue
Physical anthropology
concerned with the biological aspects of human
beings. In trying to learn about racial differences,
human origins, and evolution.
The physical anthropologist studies fossil remains
and observes the behavior of other primates.
Primates are an order of mammals that includes
human beings as well as apes and monkeys.
Antropologi Sosial
Di Amerika Syarikat ia dikenali sebagai
Antropologi Budaya
Tumpuan kajian ke atas masyarakat dan
budaya kesamaan dan perbezaan
budaya
Bagaimana mana budaya dipelajari
dan diwarisi
Bagaimana manusia menggunakan
budaya untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan
persekitaran; dan dengan budayanya
manusia lebih fleksibel hidupnya.
Bezakan budaya sejagat, umum dan
khusus.
Dua aspek
Etnografi
Etnologi
Dapatkah anda
mengagak apakah
ciri-ciri budaya
masyarakat orangorang ini? Adakah
famili, agama,
ekonomi,
peraturan hidup,
politik mereka
Applied anthropology
makes use of the research done by physical
and cultural anthropologists in order to help
governments and other institutions form and
implement policies for specific population
groups.
Eg. The economic backwardness among the
Orang Asli, the Penan People, The OKU.
Research findings used by governments in
the formulation of social, educational, and
economic policies for ethnic minorities within
their borders.
Applied anthropology
Nomadic Penan forest dwellers blockade a logging road into their rainforest
home in the Sungai Nyakit area of the Limbang District, Sarawak, Malaysia.
The blockade prevents the logging of a 60 square kilometer area of primary,
unlogged rainforest that these people depend on for their survival.
The blockade has been ongoing since 10 April 2002
Antropologi Sosial
Untuk Apa?
Kegunaan ilmu: menerang, menghurai,
membuat generalisasi; meramal; dan
menyelesai masalah.
Sebelum sesuatu pembangunan
dilaksanakan pada sesuatu masyarakat,
masyarakat tersebut perlu diketahui/kaji.
Kegunaan untuk perancangan dan melihat
kesan daripada sesuatu pembangunan.
A History of Anthropology
Henry Maine
Maine based his work on his
experience as a lawyer in India
His book examines the
differences in the interpretation
and application of law in
different types of societies
He regarded India as a
primitive society and posited
a distinction between status
and contract societies
Savagery
Savages are hunters and gatherers.
They live in undifferentiated groups (hordes) & have
few restrictions on sexuality. Later, they may develop
matrilineal organization and exist in tribes.
They recognize no ownership of property.
Barbarism
Barbarians are cultivators who have domesticated animals.
They may live in tribes, but they are now patrilineal. Sexuality is
regulated somewhat, but polygamy is common
They do recognize the ownership of property, but it is communal
ownership
Civilization
Civilized people are cultivators who can organize their
society more effectively through the use of written
communication; therefore they can create state
societies. Eventually they become industrialized
Family structure is monogamous and patriarchal, but
patrilineality has disappeared
Corporate ownership of property is replaced with
individual ownership
Modern Anthropology
3 men are regarded as the founders of
modern anthropology:
Franz Boas
Bronislaw Malinowski
[A. R. R. Radcliffe-Brown]
A. R. Radcliffe-Brown
Marcel Mauss
Claude Lvi-Strauss
Margaret Mead
Ruth Benedict
Clyde Kluckhohn
Alfred Kroeber
Clifford Geertz
conclusion
Anthropology is one of the social sciences
More specifically, it is the study of human differences,
cultural and biological, in the context of human nature
Cabang-cabangnya ialah:
Arkeologi
Antropologi Biologikal
Antropologi linguistik
Antropologi Sosial