SESSION-01

HINDU ISLAMIC STYLES

PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE
GUJARAT,BENGAL,KASHMIR,JAUNPUR,MALWA,
DECCAN(GULBARGA,BIDAR,GOLCONDA&BIJAPUR) AND RAJPUT

BY
CHRISTOPHER ABHILASH
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE LECTURE, SEM-IV
KMEA-COA- JANUARY 18,2016

HISTORIC BACKGROUND

THE RISE OF PROVINCIAL DYNASTIES

(13TH-16TH CENTURIES)
3

8
1

4
5

2
7

THE PROVINCES AND THEIR

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES

01- GUJARAT- A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

HISTORIC PRECEDENTS
THE WAVS - OF GUJARAT*
Legend
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Shrines
Landings
Stepped kund
Spiral stairway
Well Shaft

Plan

Section
Well Shaft

The Rudabai step-well at Adalaj, Gujarat

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN
GUJARAT
Ahmed Shah established Ahmedabad as
the capital of his kingdom in 1411 AD

The axial layout of the Mosque,

Sultan's tomb and the queens tomb

MOSQUES- TRABEATED COLUMNSWITH ARCADED SCREEN

1.THE JAMI -MASJID , AHMEDABAD*

The plan of the Jami -Masjid

The Begampuri style minarets of

the jami masjid

Iwan

Mehrab
Tank

Minarets

THE JAMI -MASJID , AHMEDABAD*

Chajjas
Jali Screens
Superimposed
galleries
Trabeated
bays
Piers in the
vernacular
Solanki style

Section through the Mosque.

MOSQUES- TRABEATED COLUMNSWITH ARCADED SCREEN

2.AHMED SHSAHS MOSQUE, AHMEDABAD*

The plan of Ahmed Shahs
Mosque

Arcaded screen type mosques

Prayer
hall

Mehrab

Minarets

AHMED SHSAHS MOSQUE,

AHMEDABAD*

Piers in the
vernacular
Solanki style

Zenana with jali

screens

MOSQUES- ARCADED SCREEN WITHOUT DOMES

1.SIDI SAYYID MOSQUE, AHMEDABAD*

The plan of the queens tomb inspired by
the five bay plan of Ahmed Shahs mosque.

The screened arcade

Arches replacing the trabeated style

of construction but without domes

TOMBS-COLONNADED SCREENED
1.AHMED SHSAHS TOMB, AHMEDABAD*
The plan of Ahmed Shahs tomb

West front of the tomb

Porches at
cardinal points
Main tomb chamber
Deep screen colonnades

TOMBS-COLONNADED SCREENED (LATER)

2.QUEENS TOMB, AHMEDABAD*
The plan of the queens tomb

Raised open court which is the

tomb chamber

Raised open court with colonnaded outer

verandah
Double colonnade with screens supported
on the central row of pillars

RAUZAS - UNSCREENED MOSQUES WITH

TURRETS
1.RANI SEPARIS RAUZA, AHMEDABAD*
The plan of the queens tomb inspired by
the five bay plan of Ahmed Shahs mosque.

Queens
tomb

Raised open court which is the

tomb chamber.

Queens
tomb

As the structure lacked a frontispiece

,ornamental turrets were added to the
corners of the mosque .

02- BENGAL- A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

The conquest of Bengal by the

Muslims in the 14th century.
Establishment of Gaur as the
new capital city of Bengal.
History of Islamic architecture
of Gaur may be divided into
two phases :
PHASE-I- Beginning of the 13th
century to the mid 14th
century
Phase II Mid 15th century to
the mid 16th century

Benga
l

Gau
r

MOSQUES SYNTHESIS OF ARCUATE AND

TRABEATE SYSTEMS
1.ADINA MASJID, HAZRAT PANDUA *
The plan of the Adina masjid with three
ranges of domed bays surrounding the court

Vaulted roofing over the trabeate

columns from hindu temples

The brick vaulting

The basalt pillars

TOMBS MODIFICATION OF THE RIGID CUBE AND

HEMISPHERE
1.TOMB OF FATEH KHAN, GAUR *
The vernacular Bangaldar roof

Fateh Khans Tomb-Emulating the

traditional prototype

TOMBS MODIFICATION OF THE RIGID CUBE AND

HEMISPHERE
2.EKLAKHI TOMB , PANDUA *
The plan of the Eklakhi Tomb with an
octagonal shaped tomb chamber.

The elevation of the tomb.

The discernible slope on the roof given

to throw away rain water.

The brick filling is used to avoid the

conversion of the square plan into an
octagon
using
pendentives
and
squinches

03- KASHMIR - A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

The conquest of Kashmir by

the Muslims in the 14th
century.
Began with the conversion of
hindu temples .
Thereafter they conformed to
the local idioms

TOMBS BUILDING ON HINDU RUINS

1.ZAINUL ABIDINS MOTHERS TOMB , SRINAGAR
*

The base and the projecting

porticos belonged to an
earlier hindu temple.

MOSQUES ADAPTING THE FORM OF THE

ZIARAT(VILLAGE SHRINE)
1.JAMI MASJID, SRINAGAR *
The form of the simple village
square shaped shrine- Ziarat

Projecting symmetrical verandahs

Pyramidal roofand spire like minaret

The view of the Jami Masjid court

from south with the main prayer hall

03- JAUNPUR - A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

Established by Firoz Shah

Tughlaq on an ancient hindu
site in1358 .
It was the seat of the Sharqui
dynasty after 1394.
The most prominently
distinctive style inspired by
the architecture of Delhi.

MOSQUES BEGUMPURI TYPE MONUMENTS

1.ATALA MASJID, JAUNPUR **(REFER BEGAMPURI MOSQUE
DELHI)

The plan of the Atala masjid,

Jaunpur

Screen arches
Trabeate portals
Projecting frontispieces masking the
primary and secondary domes

05- MALWA- A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

Former tughlaq governor of

Malwa renounced allegiance
to Delhi and founded his own
dynasty in1401.

His son Hoshang Shah chose

the virtually impregnable
plateau of Mandu as the site
for his new capital.

GHURI FORTS BUILDING ON NATURAL

DEFENCES
1.MANDU FORT, MANDU **
Legend
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Alamgir Gate
Delhi Gate
Gadi Gate
Dilawar khan Masjid
Munja tank with
royal palace
complex -Hindola
Mahal, Jahaz Mahal.
f.
Jami Masjid
g. Tomb of Hoshang
Shah
h. Ashrafi Mahal
i.
Jahangirpur Gate
j.
Tomb of Dariya
Khan
k. Malik Mughis Masjid
l.
Southern palace
compound and
Rewa kund
m. Baghwania Gate
n. Tarapura gate

06- DECCAN- A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

Persian adventurer Alauddin

Bahaman carved out the
kingdom of Gulbargah in1347.
He ruled from Daulatabad at
first and then moved his
capital to Gulbargah.
The artists from delhi
sultanate were flowing into
the deccan as were the skilled
immigrants from Western
Asia due to the strong trade
links. This resulted in a
synthesis of styles.

BAHAMANDI FORTS BUILDING ON NATURAL

DEFENCES

1.BIDAR FORT, BIDAR **

Legend
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.

Fateh Gate
Mangalpet Gate
Shahganj Gate
Talghat Gate
Mandu Gate
Kalmadgi Gate
Delhi Gate
Kalyani Gate
Purana Quila
Palace Complex
Gumbad Gate
Madrasa of
Mahmud Gawan
m. Market
n. Jami Masjid
o. Chaubara

ADIL SHAHI FORTS METROPOLITAN FORT

1.BIJAPUR FORT, BIJAPUR**
Legend
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Fateh Gate
Mecca Gate
ZohranpurGate
Bahamani Gate
Alipur Gate
Arh qila Gate
Arh qila palace
complex
h. Haidar burj
i.
Jami masjid
j.
Mihitari masjid
k. Taj baoli
l.
Ibrahim Rauza
m. Gol Gumbaz

07- RAJPUTS - A HISTORIC

BACKGROUND

Like many Muslim magnates

several Rajput clans took
advantage of delhis
weakness in the 14th century
to assert their independence.
Sissodias of Chittor were the
most vigorous patrons of
building.
Rajput monuments are
notable more for their
exuberance than for their
vitality

VICTORY TOWERS EMULATION OF THE MUSLIM

MINARS

1.TOWER OF VICTORY, CHITTOR FORT **

Built to commemorate
success against Malwa.
Tried to emulate Mahmud
Khaljis victory minar in
Mandu.
Quasi religious building .
Form evolved through the
superimposition of nine
Mandapas

PALACES SYNTHESIS OF IMPORTED AND NATIVE

IDEAS

1.RANA KUMBHAS PALACE, CHITTOR**

Legend
a)Tripolia Gate
b)Public Audience hall
c)Inner court and three storey
block(possibly a zenan)
d)Main court of the private apartments
e)South Western Block.

1.RANA KUMBHAS PALACE, CHITTOR **

Massing similar to the Jahaz

Mahal at Mandu.
Superimposed balconies are
carried on elaborate brackets.
The massing/ superimposing
of blocks is a feature similar
to the Jayastambha design .

FORTS SYNTHESIS OF IMPORTED AND NATIVE

IDEAS

1.CHITTOR FORT, CHITTOR **

Legend
a)Alamgir Gate
b)Hindola Pol
c)Ganesha Pol
d)Lakshman Gate
e)Hathi Pol
f)Man Singh Mahal
g)Vikramaditya Mahal
h)Jahangiri Mahal
i)Shahjahani Mahal
j)Bala Qila
k)Suraj Kund
l)Sas-Bahu Temples
m)Teli-Ka-Mandir
n)Gharghar Gate
o)Jaina Sculptures
p)Urwahi Gate

Fin.
Chris16