Emilio Aguinaldo

By: Nimfa A. Acodili

Background
Filipino general, politician, and
independence leader
First president of the Philippines
Played an instrumental role in Philippine
Revolution against Spain
Philippine American War

Philippine Revolution
1894- Katipunan (KKK):
secret organization
fighting for independence
from Spain
Katipunan Revolt 1896
Aguinaldo head of
revolutionary government
not recognized by Spain

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

Spanish pressure intensified

Aguinaldo signed pact
Ended hostilities and dissolved government
Gained amnesty and $800,000
Voluntarily exiled to Hong Kong

Pact of Biak-na-Bato
Provisional revolutionary government in
Philippines
Spanish continued to arrest and harass Filipinos
Pact was disregarded by both sides

Battle of Manila Bay- May,1898

Spanish-American War
George Dewey- blockaded
Manila
Return of Aguinaldo to
Philippines from exile
Resumed command of
revolutionary forces
Declaration of Philippine
Independence- June 1898

Philippine Independence-1934
Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) provided selfgovernment of the Philippines and for
Filipino independence
Repatriation Act of 1935- provided Filipinos
free passage back to the Philippines
Treaty of Manila (1946)-Recognized
independence and relinquished sovereignty

Domestic Policies

Fiscal Reform
Education
Local government reorganization

Foreign Policies

Granted permission all

foreigners, including Spaniards
to freely engage business in
Philippines.

Philippine American War- 1899

Feb 4- Filipino shot by American sentry,
beginning of conflict
June 2- First Philippine Republic officially
declared war on US
Under Aguinaldo command, Philippine forces
were a disaster
March 23, 1901- Aguinaldo captured by US
General Funston
April 19, 1901- Took an oath of allegiance to US,
recognizing US sovereignty

US Territorial Period
Aguinaldo supported groups
that demanded immediate
independence
Sedition Act of 1907- made
display of Philippine flag
illegal
Ran in Philippine
Presidential Elections of
1935 but lost to Manuel
Quezon

Japanese Territorial Period

WWII, 1941- 1945 Japan controlled Philippines
During Japanese occupation, Aguinaldo
cooperated with Japanese efforts
Americans retook Philippines after WWII
Over 1 million Filipinos dead during war
Aguinaldo arrested and accused of collaboration
of Japanese

10 Reasons Many Filipinos Do Not

Like Emilio Aguinaldo
He is a traitor
He killed Andres Bonifacio
He is an embodiment of
discrimination
Hes the reason why
Katipunan was broken in
half
He might be the root for
the political war in the
Philippines

 He sold the Philippines to

the Spanish for $800,000
He led the Americans to
colonize the Philippines
He incited the conflict
between the Philippines
and America
He put lives of four (4)
innocent men in danger
He surrendered the
Philippines to the
Japanese

Contribution

Philippine Independence