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EE 359-Lecture 2
Prof. Uf Tureli
Dept. of ECE
Stevens Institute of Technology
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Course Outline
Syllabus
and announcements
http://koala.ece.stevens-tech.edu/~utureli/EE359
Review of Diodes
Basic Semiconductors
Diode
Structure
Symbol
Diodes
Fig. 3.1 The ideal diode: (a) diode circuit symbol; (b) i-v characteristic; (c) equivalent
circuit in the reverse direction; (d) equivalent circuit in the forward direction.
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Diode Circuits
Diode Characterization
Diodes
have a nonlinear
response to voltage
We model different
regions of operation
Forward Bias
i I s e v / nVT 1
i I s e v / nVT 1
Reverse Bias
i I s
Breakdown
Diode Regions
Diodes
have
negligible current
when biased in reverse
direction
Diodes have a 0.7V
drop in the forward
direction
Fig. 3.8 The diode i-v relationship
with some scales expanded and others
compressed in order to reveal details.
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Forward-Bias Region
Terminal
voltage v is positive
i I s (e v / nVT 1)
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VT
kT
q
Reverse-Bias Region
Terminal
voltage v is negative
i I s
v is negative and a few times larger than
VT
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A
currents
S
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Physical Structure on PN
Junction
We can
simplify
Diode physics by
modeling it as a 2D
PN junction
PN junction:P and N
regions by different
dopings: n p ni
Diffusion & Drift
Reverse-Bias PN Junction
Fig. 3.13 The pn junction excited by a constant-current
source I in the reverse direction. To avoid breakdown, I is
kept smaller than Is. Note that the depletion layer widens and
the barrier voltage increases by Vr volts, which appears
between the terminals as a reverse voltage.
Reverse
Bias:
Drift current Is, indep.
of voltage,
IS ID I
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Depletion Capacitance
Charge
Fig. 3.14 The charge stored on either side of the depletion layer as a function of the reverse voltage Vr.
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Fig. 3.17 Minority-carrier distribution in a forward-biased pn junction. It is assumed that the p region is
more heavily doped than the n region; NA ND.
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Modeling
Approximate the
diode forward
characteristic with
two straight lines.
Fig. 3.20
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Is nonlinear
Development of the
constant-voltagedrop model of the
diode forward
characteristics.
A vertical straight
line (b) is used to
approximate the fastrising exponential
Fig. 3.23 Development of the constant-voltage-drop model of the diode forward characteristics. A vertical straight line (b) is used to
approximate the fast-rising exponential.
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Fig. 3.26 Equivalent circuit model for the diode for small
changes around bias point Q. The incremental resistance rd is
the inverse of the slope of the tangent at Q, and VD0 is the
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intercept of the tangent on the vD axis (see Fig. 3.25).
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Fig. 3.37 (a) Half-wave rectifier. (b) Equivalent circuit of the half-wave rectifier with the diode
replaced with its battery-plus-resistance model. (c) transfer characteristic of the rectifier circuit.
(d) Input and output waveforms, assuming that rD R.
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Fig. 3.38 Full-wave rectifier utilizing a transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding. (a) Circuit.
(b) Transfer characteristic assuming a constant-voltage-drop model for the diodes. (c) Input and output
waveforms.
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Fig. 3.39 The bridge rectifier: (a) circuit and (b) input and output waveforms.
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