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Computer Software
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Also known as programs. (Soul of Computer)
Collections of instruction for a computer.
Solve user problem and control different
operation.
Computers requires program to function,
typically executing the programs instruction in
CPU.
Software may be categorized along functional
lines:
System
software
Application software.
EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
Computer games software
Driver software
Educational software
Productivity software
Operating systems
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CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE
Software
Application
Software
Operating system
System software
Utility software
Device
Driver
Language
Translator
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
It is a program that is concerned with initiating
machine, smooth running of machine, maintaining of
machine and system
Manage computer resources at a low level.
Allows the parts of a computer to work together.
It protect the applications programmer/user as much as
possible from detail of the particular computer complex
being used.
Divided basically:
Operating
System
Utility Software
Device Drivers
Language Translator
UTILITY SOFTWARE
It is also known as service program, service routine,
tools or utility routine.
It is computer software designed to help manage and
tune computer hardware, operating system or
application software by performing a single task or
small range of tasks.
Some utilities are integrated in major OS.
Examples: Disk storage Utilities (Disk Defragmenters,
Disk Checkers, Disk Cleaner, Disk Space Analyzer,
Disk Partition, file managers).
System Profiler.
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Anti-virus software. etc.
Disk Cleanup:
It can find files that are unnecessary to computer
operation or take up considerable amount of
space.
Disk cleanup helps the user to decide what to
delete when their hard disk is full.
Disk clean up targets:
Compression of old files.
Temporary internet files.
Downloaded program files.
Recycle Bin
Setup log files. etc.
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Disk defragmenter:
It is a computer program in MS - Window designed to
increase access speed by rearranging files stored in
disk to occupy contiguous storage location, a technique
commonly known as decrementing.
The purpose is to optimize the time it takes to read
and write files to/from the disk by minimizing head
travel time and maximizing transfer rate.
Antivirus software
Disk compression
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Device
Drivers
Device
Language
Processors
Language
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE
It is a computer software designed to perform a
specific function directly for the user or in some case
for another application program.
They are designed to run on an operating system for
the fulfilling various purposes and functionalities.
Also called software applications, applications or
apps.
Productive software, Presentation software, graphics
software, CAD, specialized scientific application,
industry specific software.
Can be Categorized into
Tailored
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Software
Packaged Software
CONTD
Tailored software is that software that are
specially designed and developed specific job or
task.
For e.g. school billing system, result processing
system, printing of certificates, etc.
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OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system is a program that acts as an
interface between the software and the computer
hardware.
It is an integrated set of specialized programs
that are used to manage overall resources and
operations of the computer.
It is specialized software that controls and
monitors the execution of all other programs that
reside in the computer, including application
programs and other system software.
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OPERATING SYSTEM
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Single user OS
Multi-user OS
On
Batch processing
Multiprogramming
Multitasking
Real time system
Distributed OS
On
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MULTI-USER OS:
OS
ON THE BASIS OF
PROCESSING MODE
Batch Processing:
In Batch processing same type of jobs batch (BATCH- a
set of jobs with similar needs) together and execute at a
time.
The OS was simple, its major task was to transfer
control from one job to the next.
The job was submitted to the computer operator in form
of punch cards. At some later time the output appeared.
Common Input devices were card readers.
Batch processing has been associated withmainframe
computerssince the earliest days of electronic
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computing in the 1950s
MULTIPROGRAMMING
Multiprogramming is a technique to execute number of
programs simultaneously by a single processor.
In Multiprogramming, number of processes reside in
main memory at a time.
The OS picks and begins to executes one of the jobs in the
main memory.
If any Input/Output wait happened in a process, then
CPU switches from that job to another job.
Hence CPU in not idle at any time.
Advantages:
Throughput increases
MULTITASKING
Multitasking refers to term where multiple jobs are
executed by the CPU simultaneously by switching
between them.
Operating System handles multitasking in the way that
it can handle multiple operations / executes multiple
programs at a time.
Multitasking Operating Systems are also known as Timesharing systems.
These Operating Systems were developed to provide
interactive use of a computer system at a reasonable cost.
A time-shared operating system uses concept of CPU
scheduling and multiprogramming to provide each user
with a small portion of a time-shared CPU.
MULTIPROCESSING
Multiprocessoroperating systemrefers to the
use of two or more central operating unit (CPU)
within a singlecomputersystem.
These multiple CPUs are in a close
communication sharing the computer bus,
memory and other peripheral devices.
These types of systems are used when very high
speed is required to process a large volume of
data.
COMPILER
When executing , the compiler first parses (or analyzes) all of the
language statements syntactically one after the other and then, builds
the output code, making sure that statements that refer to other
statements are referred to correctly in the final code
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INTERPRETER
Aninterpreteris
acomputer
programthat
programmingorscripting
previouslycompilingthem
languageprogram.
language,
into
without
amachine
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CONTD
ASSEMBLER
An assembler is aprogramthat takes basic computer
instructions and converts them into a pattern ofbits
that the computer's processorcan use to perform its
basic operations.
Some people call these instructions assembler
language and others use the termassembly language.
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REFERENCES
All computer programs run on machine code that is
executed directly on computer architecture.
Machine code is not easily read or programmed directly by
humans.
Essentially, machine code is a long series of bits (i.e. ones
and zeroes).
In order to program, humans write code in a language that
is then translated in to machine code. There are three basic
approaches to program translation.
* Assemblers
* Compilers
* Interpreters
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Assemblers
Assembly
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Compilers
A
Interpreters
An
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