Professional Documents
Culture Documents
construction
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Presented by:
Abira Rather
7th sem
Civil Eng. Dept.
R.no: 07/10
Contents:
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Introduction
Underwater construction techniques
Caissons
Types
Advantages
Dangers encountered
Cofferdams
Types
Components
Advantages
Conclusion
References
Introduction:
Constructio
n
technique
s
UNDERWATE
R
CONSTRUCTION
Cofferda
ms
Tremie
method
Methods
of Placing
of
concrete
Caissons
Pump
method
Toggle
bags
Bag
works
Underwater construction
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techniques:
Caissons:
Watertight retaining structure .
Permanent in nature.
Used to work on foundation of bridge pier,
construction of concrete dam or for the repair
of ships.
Constructed in such a manner so that the
water can be pumped out.
Keeps working environment dry.
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GCET JAMMU
TYPES OF CAISSONS
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Open caisson
grab
Ground
water
level
Circumferential
gap
Control
post
pontoo
n
Ballast water
Box caisson
shoe
PNEUMATIC CAISSON
Suction caisson
More suitable for off shore construction.
Upturned bucket embedded in marine sediment.
Embedment achieved by pushing or by creating
negative pressure.
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GCET JAMMU
ADVANTAGES OF
CAISSONS
Economic.
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Dangers encountered:
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Cofferdams:
Temporary structure
Built within or in pairs across a body of water
Allows the enclosed space to be pumped out, creating
a dry work environment .
Enclosed coffers are commonly used for construction
and repair of oil platforms, bridge piers and other
support structures built within or over water.
A cofferdam involves the interaction of the structure,
soil, and water. The loads imposed include the
hydrostatic forces of the water, as well as the dynamic
forces due to currents and waves.
Used for shallow constructions having depth less than
10m.
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Components of cofferdam:
Sheet piling
Sheet piling is a manufactured
construction product with a
mechanical connection
interlock at both ends of the
section. These mechanical
connections interlock with one
another to form a continuous
wall of sheeting.
Brace piling
Concrete seal
Sheet piles
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GCET JAMMU
Bracing frame
cofferdam
2. Drive temporary support piles.
3. Temporarily erect bracing frame on the support piles
4. Set steel sheet piles.
5. Drive sheet piles to grade.
6. Block between bracing frame and sheets, and provide ties for sheet
piles at the top as necessary
7. Excavate inside the grade or slightly below grade, while leaving the
cofferdam full of water
8. Drive bearing
9. Place rock fill as a levelling and support course.
10. Place Tremie concrete seal .
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ADVANTAGES OF COFFERDAM:
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UNDERWATER CONCRETING
It is a process in which the prepared
concrete is poured below thewater
surface by using suitable methods.
PLACEMENT
METHODS:
Tremie
method.
Pump
method.
Toggle
bags.
Bags work.
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TREMIE METHOD
A Tremie is a watertight pipe
Generally 250mm in dia.
Funnel shaped hopper at its
upper end and a loose plug at
the bottom.
It is supported on a working
platform above water level.
Method of underwater
concreting Tremie
method (inside view)
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Specifications of concrete to be
used in Tremie method:
PUMP METHOD:
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concrete
advantage
of
has
the
operational
PUMP METHOD OF
of
the
navigation
pump
should be prohibited.
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING GCET JAMMU
method
LAYING CONCRETE
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TOGGLE BAGS:
Toggle bags are ideal
for small amounts of
concrete placement.
The bag is filled in the
dry with wet concrete
Used for repair work.
The
concrete
is
squeezed out by a
diver.
BAGWORK:
Bags are made of
open weave material.
Diver-handled bags
are usually of 10 to 20
litres capacity but
1cub.m bags can be
placed using a crane.
CONCLUSION:
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ANY QUESTIONS??
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THANK YOU!!