1.Ch 1 Sociological Perspective

1
Chapte
r
A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e

Slides by Dan Cavanaugh
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Seeing the Broader

Social Context
How Groups Influence People
How People are Influenced
by Their Society
People Who Share a Culture
People Who Share a Territory
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
Social Location Corners in Life

Jobs
Gender
Income
Age
Education Race/Ethnicit
C. Wright Mills History and Biography

History - Location in
Broad Stream of Events

Biography - Individuals
Specific Experiences
The Global Context

and the Local
The Global Village
Instant Communication
Sociology Studies both
the Global Network and

Our Unique Experiences
Sociology and the

Other Sciences
The Natural Sciences
Explain and Predict Events

in Natural Environment
The Social Sciences
Examine Human
Relationships
Sociology and the

Other Sciences
Anthropology
Studies Culture
Economics
Studies the Production and
Distribution of Goods and
Services
Political Science
Studies How People Govern
Themselves
Sociology and the

Other Sciences
Psychology
The Study of
Processes Within
Individuals
Sociology
Similarities to Other
Disciplines
The Goal of Science

Explain Why Something
Happens
Make Generalizations
Look for Patterns
Predict What will Happen
Move Beyond Common
Sense
Risks of Sociology
Nooks and Crannies
People Prefer Hidden

People Attempt to Keep
Secrets
People Feel Threatened
by Information
10
Origins of Sociology
Tradition vs. Science
The Industrial Revolution
Grew Out of Social Upheaval
Imperialism of the Time
Rise of the Scientific Method
11
Auguste Comte
and Positivism
Applying the Scientific
Method to Social World

Coined the Term
Sociology
Armchair Philosophy
12
Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism

Second Founder
of Sociology
Lower and Higher
Forms of Society
Coined Phrase
Survival of the Fittest

13
Karl Marx and

Class Conflict
Engine of Human
History is Class Conflict

The Bourgeoisie vs. The
Proletariat
Marxism Not the Same
as Communism
14
Durkheim and
Social Integration
Got Sociology Recognized as
Separate Discipline
Studied How Social Forces
Affect Behavior
Identified Social Integration
- Degree to Which People are

Tied to Social Group
15
Source: By the author. Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007x, and earlier years
Suicide Patterns Consistent
Can Predict the Number
Can Predict the Ways
16
Max Weber and the

Protestant Ethic
Religion and the Origin
of Capitalism
Religion is Central
Force in Social Change

Protestant Ethic and
Spirit of Capitalism
17
Values in Sociological
Research
Sociology Should be
Value-Free
Sociology Should be
Objective
Research Should Involve
Replication
Goals and Uses of
Sociology
18
19
Verstehen and
Social Facts
Weber
Verstehen - To Grasp by Insight
Importance of Subjective
Meanings
Durkheim
Stressed Social Facts
Explain Social Facts with Other

Social Facts
How Social Facts and Verstehen
Fit Together
20
Sociology in
North America
First Took Root in 1890 at
University of Kansas
Spread Rapidly in Next 20 Years
Not at Harvard until 1930
American Journal of Sociology
1895
21
Sexism in Early Sociology

Attitudes of the Time
1800s Sex Roles Rigidly
Defined
Few People Educated
Beyond Basics
Harriet Martineau
Published Society in
America Before Durkheim
and Weber Were Born
Her Work was Ignored
22
Racism at the Time:

W.E.B Du Bois
B.A. from Fisk University
First Harvard Ph.D. for
African American
Published a Book Each
Year from 1896-1914
Neglected by Sociologist
Until Recently
23
Jane Addams: Sociologist

and Social Reformer
Member of American
Sociological Society from

Start
Came from Background of
Wealth and Privilege
Co-Founded Hull House

Co-Founded American Civil
Liberties Union
24
Talcott Parsons and

C. Wright Mills
Parsons Developed Objective
Analysis and Models of Society

Mills Deplored Theoretical
Abstractions in Favor of Social

Reform
Continuing Tension in Sociology
25
26
Theoretical
Perspectives
Symbolic Interactionism -
How People Use Symbols in

Everyday Life
Applying Symbolic
Interactionism Changing the Meaning of

Symbols Affects Expectations
27
Theoretical
Perspectives
28
Applying Symbolic
Interactionism - Examples
The Meaning of Marriage
The Meaning of Divorce
29
30
Applying Symbolic
Interactionism - Examples
The Meaning of
Parenthood
The Meaning of Love
31
Functional Analysis
Society is a Whole Unit
Made Up of Interrelated
Parts that Work Together
Functionalism, Structural
Functionalism
32
Robert Merton and

Functionalism
Functions
Manifest
Latent
Dysfunctions
33
Applying Functional
Analysis
Economic Teams
Education of Children
Teaching of Religion
Care of the Sick and Elderly
34
Applying Functional
Analysis
A Glimpse of the
Past - 1800s
Changes in the
Functions of
Family
Friends
35
Conflict Theory
Karl Marx and Conflict
Theory
Conflict Theory Today
Feminists and Conflict
Theory
Applying Conflict Theory
36
Levels of Analysis
Functionalists and
Conflict Theorists Macro Level

Symbolic
Interactionists Micro Level

37
38
39
40
Trends Shaping
the Future
Sociology Full Circle:
Reform vs. Research Three Stages

Diversity of Orientations
Public Sociology
Globalization
41
42

1.Ch 1 Sociological Perspective

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1

A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e

any rental, lease, or lending of the program

Seeing the Broader

People Who Share a Culture

People Who Share a Territory

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Social Location Corners in Life

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

C. Wright Mills History and Biography

Broad Stream of Events

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

The Global Context

the Global Network and

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Sociology and the

Explain and Predict Events

The Social Sciences

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Sociology and the

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Sociology and the

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

The Goal of Science

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

People Prefer Hidden

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Method to Social World

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism

Survival of the Fittest

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Karl Marx and

History is Class Conflict

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

- Degree to Which People are

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Suicide Patterns Consistent

Can Predict the Number

Can Predict the Ways

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Max Weber and the

Force in Social Change

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Verstehen - To Grasp by Insight

Stressed Social Facts

Explain Social Facts with Other

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective

Sexism in Early Sociology

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective