Fuzzy Systems

Introductio
n

Definition: Fuzzy logic

Definition

Fuzzy Logic is defined as an approach to computing based on "degrees

of truth" rather than the usual "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on
which the modern computer is based

Truth values (in fuzzy logic) are indicated by a value on the range [0.0,
1.0], with 0.0 representing absolute Falseness and 1.0 representing
absolute Truth.

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

Classical Set theory

In classical set theory, an object is either in a set or not in a set (0 or

1), and there are no partial memberships.

Such sets are called crisp sets

Classical set theory Vs. fuzzy set theory

Classical Set Theory

Fuzzy Set Theory

Characteristic function
{0,1}

Membership function [0,1]

Full membership
o Yes or No
o True or False
o 1 or 0

Partial membership
o Yes - No
o True -- False
o 1 - 0

Crisp sets
o E.g. Susan is 18 years
old

Fuzzy sets
o E.g. Jonah is about 18 years
old

Crisp logic
o Precise properties

Fuzzy logic
o Imprecise properties

Numerical

Linguistic

Complex systems, hard to

model

No traditional modeling,
inferences based on knowledge

Incomplete information
leads to inaccuracy

Can handle incomplete

information to some degree

Introductio
n
Definition

History

History

Advantages
Fuzzy Logic

1965 Introduced and developed by Lotfi Zadeh

o

Professor of UC Berkeley in California

Father of Fuzzy Logic

Designed for computers to determine distinctions among data with shades of grey

1970s
o

Research groups formed were in Japan

Fuzzy sets used in study of traffic conditions

Major contributions made to the development of fuzzy logic theory

1980
o

Example
Future

Mandani, UK designed the first fuzzy controller for a steam engine

Introductio
n
Definition

History

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

1987
o

Omran developed the first commercial fuzzy controller

Fuzzy boom

1990s Broad application of Fuzzy Logic in Europe and U.S.

2000
o

Fuzzy Logic became a standardized technology

Fuzzy Logic applied in Data and Sensor Signal Analysis

Introductio
n
Definition
History

FUZZY SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS

MAKING DECISIONS
Fuzzy

expert systems are proving to be a powerful tool

in business knowledge decision support

Successfully

Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

applied in

Data mining

Financial services

Product marketing and sales analysis

Resource and project management

Introductio
n
Definition

ADVANTAGES AND disadvantages

History
Advantages

Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

Advantages
o

Provides flexibility

Helps to express uncertain information

Convenient user interface

Easy computation

Validation

Disadvantages
o

Time consuming

Many (unclear) options

Computation can be intensive

Membership functions can be difficult to find

FUZZY LOGIC & PROBABILITY

Both deal with the issue of uncertainty

Both use a continuous 0 to 1 scale for measuring uncertainty

Probability deals with likelihood the chance of something happening or

something having a certain property

Fuzzy logic deals not with the likelihood of something having a certain property,
but the degree to which it has that property

Introductio
n

Fuzzy Variable

Definition
Fuzzy Variable:

History

It determines the language that will be used to discuss a fuzzy concept

such as temperature, pressure, age, or height.

Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

Defines a set of lower and upper bounds for the values of the fuzzy sets used
to describe the concepts of the fuzzy variable

Fuzzy variable terms are described using a name such as poor, average,
or wealthy, along with a fuzzy set that represents that term.

The fuzzy variable terms along with a set of system supplied and user
defined fuzzy modifiers, as well as the operators 'and' and 'or provide
the basis for fuzzy linguistic expressions.

Introductio
n

Fuzzy Set

Definition
Fuzzy Set Theory:

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

An element belongs to a fuzzy set with a certain degree of

membership, meaning that a value is neither true nor false but instead
may be partly true or partly false.

This is taken to be a real number that exists between the interval of [0,1].

Introductio
n
Definition

Fuzzy Rule
Fuzzy Rule:

A conditional statement that takes on the form IF, THEN.

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

IF x is A
THEN y
is B

Introductio
n
Definition

Fuzzy Expert System Model

1. FUZZIFICATION

The

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

defined functions of the input variables are

applied to actual values in order to determine

the degree of truth for each rule premise.

Introductio
n
Definition

Fuzzy Expert System Model

2. INFERENCE

The

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic

each rule is then computed and

applied to the conclusion part of
each rule. Usually only MIN or
PRODUCT are used as inference rules
MIN

Example

inferencing

The output function is cut off at a height corresponding to the rule premise's
computed degree of truth.

PRODUCT

Future

truth value for the premise of

inferencing

The output function is scaled by the rule premise's computed degree of truth.

Introductio
n
Definition
History
Advantages

Fuzzy Expert System Model

3. COMPOSITION
All

of the fuzzy subsets assigned to

each output variable are combined

together to form a single fuzzy subset
for each output variable.
Usually MAX or SUM are used.
MAX

Fuzzy Logic

composition

The

combined output fuzzy subset is constructed by taking the pointwise

maximum over all of the fuzzy subsets assigned to variable by the

inference rule.

Example

SUM

composition

The

Future

combined output fuzzy subset is constructed by taking the pointwise

sum over all of the fuzzy subsets assigned to the output variable by the
inference rule.

Introductio
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Fuzzy Expert System Model

Definition

4. DEFUZZIFICATION
Used

History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example

to a crisp number.
There

are several defuzzification

methods that can be used. CENTROID

and MAXIMUM methods are two common examples.
CENTROID

method

the

crisp value of the output variable is computed by finding the

variable value of the center of gravity of the membership function for
the fuzzy value.

MAXIMUM
one

Future

to convert the fuzzy output set

method

of the variable values at which the fuzzy subset has its maximum
truth value is chosen as the crisp value for the output variable.

Introductio
n
Definition
History
Advantages

The Future of Fuzzy Logic

Todays Economy

Algorithms for success

Continued advantage on the market

Cancer killing molecular robots

Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

If/Then Statements to help determine what are the cancer cells and what are
not

Geological Modeling

Aquifer research for ground water in wells

Global warming research in Greenland

Introductio
n
Definition
History
Advantages
Fuzzy Logic
Example
Future

The Future of Fuzzy Logic

Automated Cars

The race for self-driving cars

(Toyota, Google, Apple, Tesla)

Fuzzy system functions is related

to human language vs. logical
language