PSIT College Of Engineering

QR Code
A Presentation By

ABDUL WASSAY

What is a QR Code ?

QR stands for Quick Response

Matrix or two dimensional bar code

It is a more advanced bar coding system

Very fast readability Instant access

Eliminates the memorization of URLs

The word QR code is the registered trademark of Denso

Wave Incorporated

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code
http://QRcode.com

Overview of QR Code

Consist of black modules as square dots.

Can be read by an mobile phone camera or any image

capturing device.

Processed using Reed-Solomon error correction.

Data is extracted from pattern present in both

horizontal and vertical component.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code

History & Purpose of QR code

QR code system invented by Denso Wave

It was used to track high speed vehicles

To store data in code form.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code

Standards of QR Code

Encoding of data storing standard given by following:

AIM (Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility)

ISO/IEC 18004:2006 Information Technology Automatic

Identification and Data Capture Techniques QR code 2005
bar code Symbology Specification

Source: http://www.QRCode.com/

Structure of QR Code

Source: http://www.iso.org/

Uses for QR codes

Advertisements
Product search through QR Code on
website
Commercial Tracking
Storing ticket information
Storing personal information for use of
organization

Source: http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-1013/ijsrp-p2284.pdf
http://www.csi-india.org/

Encryption of QR
Code

The encryption of QR code

through an Android app
using DES Algorithm

The Japanese Immigration

System uses encrypted QR
code when issues Visa in
passport.

Source: http://qrworld.wordpress.com/

How we scan a QR code?

You need a mobile phone with image capturing

capability.

Any advanced OS should be installed like Android, iOS,

Lumia etc.

Install QR Code Reader from Play Store on Android

Install Scan QR Code and Barcode Reader on App Store

on iTunes

Just open the app and place the camera over QR Code

Finally you got your result on your screen

Source: http://www.mobile-qr-code.org/

Data Storage

Data can be stored in

numeric,
alphanumeric , binary

Even the data can be

stored in different
language other than
English.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code

Version of QR code

Version 1 (21 x 21)

Version 2 (25 x 25)

Version 3 (29 x 29)

Version 4 (33 x 33) upto 50 characters

Version 10 (57 x 57) upto 174 characters at H level

Version 25 (117 x 117)

Version 40 (177 x 177)

Source: http://qrcode.meetheed.com/technical.html

Encoding of QR Code

Format information record two thing :

Error Correction

Mask Pattern

Masking is used to break up patterns in the data area

that might confuse a scanner

Mask pattern are defined on a grid that is repeated as

necessary to cover symbol.

The format information is protected from errors with

BCH Code

Two complete copies are included in each QR symbols

Source: http://www.create-qr-codes.org/tools/encoder.html

Meaning of format information

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:QR_Format_Information.svg

Message placement within a QR symbol

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:QR_Character_Placement.svg

Interleaved Blocks for Large QR Code

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:QR_Ver3_Codeword_Ordering.svg

Error Correction

QR Code uses 8 bit codeword and use Reed Solomon

Error Correction to correct Wounded QR Code

The block size is chosen so that at most 15 errors can be

corrected in each block

The approx. error correction capability at different

level are:

Level L (High) - 7% codewords can be restored

Level M (High) - 15% codewords can be restored

Level Q (High) - 25% codewords can be restored

Level H (High) - 30% codewords can be restored

Source: http://qrcoded.co.uk/qr-code-error-correction-levels/

Risk involved in QR Code

QR code can carry executable data is the URL data type

URL may host JavaScript code and can be used to

exploit vulnerabilities

Malicious QR Code combined with permission reader can

put computer on risk.

Practice is known as at tagging, a portmanteau of

attack tagging

Linking to dangerous website that enable analysis of

sensitive data.

Corrupting privacy setting

Source: Jargon Watch

AVG Cautious : Beware of Malicious QR Code

Print Size of QR Code

Minimum size for printed QR code module of 0.03 inches

(0.76 mm)

Minimum of 4 modules width should be left blank

around the code.

Version 4 code with 33 modules per side printed no

smaller than 1 square (25 mm)

Source: http://unitag.io/qrcode/

Competitor and Variation of

QR Codes

Source: QR Codes -Professor Greenstein

Customizable QR Code

Source: http://mashable.com/2011/04/18/qr-code-design-tips/

Question Session

Thank You