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ENGINEERING
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Purpose:
Wastewater Treatment
Pre-treatment
Preliminary treatment
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Sludge (biosolids) disposal
Wastewater Treatment
Pre-treatment
- Occurs in business or industry
prior to discharge
- Prevention of toxic chemicals or
excess nutrients being discharged
in wastewater
Wastewater Treatment
Water discharged from homes, businesses,
Wastewater Treatment
Water moves toward the
Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Preliminary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Bar Screen
- catches large
objects that have
gotten into sewer
system such as
bricks, bottles,
pieces of wood, etc.
Wastewater Treatment
Grit Chamber
Wastewater Treatment
Preliminary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Measurement and sampling at the inlet
structure
- a flow meter continuously records the
volume of water entering the treatment
plant
- water samples are taken for determination
of suspended solids and B.O.D.
Wastewater Treatment
Suspended Solids the quantity of solid
Wastewater Treatment
Measurements of Suspended Solids and
Wastewater Treatment
Primary Treatment
-- a physical process
-- wastewater flow is slowed down and
suspended solids settle to the bottom by
gravity
-- the material that settles is called sludge
or biosolids
Wastewater Treatment
Primary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Primary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Sludge from the primary sedimentation
Wastewater Treatment
Primary treatment reduces the suspended solids
Wastewater Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
From secondary treatment on the trickling filter
Wastewater Treatment
The final clarifiers
remove additional
sludge and further
reduce
suspended solids
and B.O.D.
Wastewater Treatment
Disposal of Sludge or Biosolids
Screens
First unit operation encountered in wastewater treatment
plants.
A screen is a device with generally uniform openings that is used
to retain coarse solids.
Screens may be divided into coarse (.25-6) and fine (<.25)
screens. Microscreens (<50m) are also available can be
used to remove fine solids from treated effluents.
The material that is retained by the screens is know as
screenings. Screenings are typically hauled to a landfill or
may be buried on site or incinerated depending upon the
plant.
Screens
Screens
Coarse Screens (Bar Racks):
Coarse Screens (Bar Racks): Composed of parallel bars or rods
with openings of 0.25-6 and are used to protect pumps, valves
from clogging by large objects and rags.
Bar racks may be hand cleaned or mechanically cleaned. The
bars are mounted at some angle to the horizontal and the
allowable head loss is 6 or less.
Design of Bar Racks: Considerations should include: location
( upstream of grit chamber), approach velocity (1.25-3fps); clear
openings between bars or mesh size, headloss through the
screens (<6), screenings and controls.
Screens
Screens
Fine Screens
Fine Screens. Composed of wires, grating, wire mesh, or
perforated plates with openings.
The application range from primary treatment to the removal of
residual SS solids from biological treatment processes. Fine
screens may static, rotary drum or step type.
Design of Fine Screens: Fine screens would be preceded by
coarse screens. Use at least 2 sized to handle peak flow.
Head-loss across fine screens can be obtained from
manufacturers rating tables .
Screens
Microscreens
Composed of filter fabrics with openings of 10 35 m and are
fitted on a drum periphery.
The principle applications for microscreens are to remove
suspended solids from secondary effluent and from stabilizationpond effluent.
Typical suspended solids removal range from 10 to 80 percent
with an average of 55 percent.
Problems encountered with microscreens include incomplete
solids removal and inability to handle solids fluctuations.
Screens
Screenings:
Grit Removal
Grit is sand, gravel, cinders, eggshells, seeds, coffee grounds and other
heavy solid material that is much heavier than the organics in
wastewater. Specific gravity (sg) of approximately 2.7 but can be as low
as 1.3 versus an organic sg of 1.
Grit is predominantly inert and relatively dry and highly variable in
composition ranging from 13-65% moisture with a volatile content of 156%. It has a bulk density of 100lb/ft3.
Normally, grit chambers are designed to remove all grit that will be
retained on a 0.21-mm-diameter (65 mesh) screen, and some chambers
are based on 0.15 mm-diameter (100 mesh).
Grit chambers are typically located after the bar racks but before the
primary sedimentation tanks.
Grit Chambers
The function of the grit chambers include:
Grit Chambers
Aerated Grit Chambers:
Grit Chambers
Teacup unit:
Grit Chambers
Effluent exits the center of the top of the unit from a rotating
cylinder.