CHEMISTRY

WE ARE INVESTIGATING MATTER

Living

is something that is alive

OR was once alive
OR man made from
something that was once
alive
Is made up of cells

How many things can you

list that are able to be
classified as living?

Non-living

Something that has never

been alive
IT can be man made or
can exist naturally
Is made up of atoms
How many things can you
list that are able to be
classified as non-living?

WE ARE INVESTIGATING THE STATES OF MATTER

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS

Vocabulary

Matter, all the things (substances) that are non-living, these are organised on the periodic
table of the elements.
Particle is all the tiny bits that make up a substance.

Solids can

Stay the same

amount when
changing containers

Cant be
squashed/compressed

Cant change shape

Can be cut and/or

broken

Particles are touching

and squashed
together

Particles can only

vibrate a little

LIQUIDS CAN

Stay the same amount

when containers are
changed
Can be squashed
/compressed slightly
Change shape to fit the
container
Cant be cut or broken
Particles are touching
Can move a bit

Gasses can

Fill a bigger or
smaller container

Can be squashed

Change shape
when the
container changes

Cant be cut or
broken
Particles move
freely
Particles are not
touching.

Observe Explain

WE ARE INVESTIGATING WHETHER

FLUBBER IS A SOLID OR A LIQUID
oApparatus

1 250 ml beaker
1 500ml beaker
Spatula

Sodium Borate
PVA glue

Hot water

Predict

oMethod
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Pour 100 ml of hot water into each beaker

In the250ml beaker add 1.5 spatulas of Sodium Borate and stir

until dissolved
Add three drops of food colouring to the borate solution

Add cups of PVA glue to the 500ml beaker and stir to make a
solution
Add the borate solution to the glue solution and stir rapidly

Grab out the mass of flubber and play with it until it is no longer
wet and sticky.
Carryout the list of tests and record the observations.

RECORD YOUR OBSERVATIONS

Test

results

Poke fast
Poke slowly
Punch
Cut fast
Cut slowly
Stretch fast
Stretch Slowly

Is Flubber a solid or a liquid? Explain your answer

CAN A SOLID CHANGE TO A LIQUID OR A

GAS?

List of apparatus:

Tripod
Beaker
Gauze
Meth burner
Watch glass

1.
2.

3.

Method:
Place tripod over meth burner.
Place gauze on tripod and then beaker on the
gauze.
Put a cube of ice in beaker and place the watch
glass on the top.

4.

Light meth burner and observe.

5.

Record observations.

6.

Allow apparatus to cool and return to teachers

table.

CAN MATTER CHANGE

STATES?

Predict

Make a guess, can

matter change
state

Observe

Watch your
experiment and
record everything
that happens

Explain
as a class explain
what has
happened and
why.

How to draw a diagram.

Diagrams need a title, to be drawn in pencil, needs to be labeled, using a
ruler and need to be drawn on the diagram page directly opposite the
experiment page you are working on.

Water Cycle in a beaker

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

What happened to the ice as we heated it?

What appeared on the side of the beaker and the watch glass?
What is this process called?
Can you give examples of this process in action?
Explain what happened to H2O particles in the ice as it changed states.
Hypothesise what would happen to the particles in a metal if we were to heat it.

Most matter can change states by heating to form gasses and cooling to
form solids. Some solids like dry ice( CO2) turn from a solid to a gas with
out becoming a liquid. This process is called sublimation.

IS THE MELTING A SUBSTANCE A PHYSICAL OR

CHEMICAL CHANGE
Apparatus
o
o

100g of candle wax

250ml beaker

Wick cut to length

Candle mold

Candle hardner

o Tripod

o Gauze
o Methburner
o Spatula
o Measuring
cylinder

Method
1.

Sellotape your wick to the bottom of your mold

and to the ice block stick

2.

Carefully melt the candle wax of your chosen

colour

3.

Allow to cool for 5 minutes in a cold water bath

4.

Pour the wax into the mold and leave on bench

to cool.

5.

When we melted the wax did we change the

wax in any way? Explain your answer.

1.

When melting wax are we

creating a reaction
between two or more
chemicals?

2.

Is melting wax a chemical

or physical change?
Explain your answer.

3.

If we change the shape of

a substance is that a
chemical or physical
change? Explain your
answer.

4.

If we melted a metal
instead of wax would it be
a chemical or physical
change? Explain your
answer.

WAL ABOUT: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN A SOLUTION AND A MIXTURE?

List of apparatus

250ml beakers
filter funnel
filter papers
Sodium Chloride
Measuring cylinder

Method
Measure 50mls of water and place in the beaker.

2.

Add two spatulas of sand, and two spatulas of salt to the beaker.

3.

Stir the beaker for five minutes.

4.

Heat the solution/mixture until it boils, remove from the heat then stir

5.

Allow to cool

6.

Fold filter paper in quarters as shown and place in filter funnel.

7.

8.
9.

Pour the solution/mixture through the filter and funnel into 250ml
conical flask.
Observe and record the results
In your group try and explain what the difference between a solution
and a mixture is.

2.

What happened to
the Sand while we
heated the water?

3.

What happened to
the salt and sand
when we filtered
the mixture?

4.

What would
happen if we
evaporated the salt
water solution?

Explain

1.

What happened to
the salt while we
heated the water?

Observe

Sand

Tripod
Meth burner
Gauze
tongs
conical flasks

1.

Predict

How do we separate mixtures from solutions?

Questions

5.

Using your findings

.Can you make a
generalisation (a
general rule) about
what a solution is
and what a mixture
is?

SEPARATING MIXTURES
Step 1

VOCABULARY

Step 2

MIXTURE

Is a substance that is suspended (mixed) in water. These are easily separated

SOLUTION
Is a substance dissolved in water to make a liquid form of a substance. These
are not easily separated without using heat.

IS
OO
BL
EC
K
A
SO
LU
TI
ON
OR
A
MI
XT
UR
E?
Apparatus

1 bowl
1 250 ml beaker
Corn starch
Cold water
Spatula
250ml conical flask
Funnel
Filter paper
Method

Fold filter paper in quarters, put in funnel and then into

conical flask
2. Fill beaker with corn flour to 100ml
3. Tip into container
4. Fill beaker with 50mls of water
5. Add two drops of food colouring of your choice
6. Pour half the water into corn starch
7. Stir the mixture
8. Slowly add water to the mixture until it forms a gluggy
mixture.
9. Pour 1/4 of the mixture into the filter funnel.
10. Carry out the tests required and record your observations
in the chart
1.

Test
Poke
fast
Poke
slowly
Cut fast
Cut
slowly
Punch
Pour
Filter

Results

IS OOBLECK A SOLUTION OR A
MIXTURE?
Is Oobleck a solution or a mixture?
Explain your answer.
Oobleck is a mixture. The corn flour particles are
suspended in the water particles. They just hang
out together like friends at a party. When
Oobleck is moved slowly it acts like a liquid but
when it is moved quickly the water particles
separate or are pushed away from the corn flour
particles. Making the corn flour a solid again.
The water being pushed away separates the
mixture.

A PHYSICAL CHANGE is
something that happens to a
substance when we play with it.
A physical change is special as we
can easily see or observe it and
when we are finished we can still
have the original chemical back.
If we have a chemical dissolved in
water can we get this back?
See the teacher demo to answer this
question?
Is dissolving a substance a chemical
or a physical change?
Explain your answer.

Physi
cal Vs
Chem
ical

WHAT IS A CHEMICAL CHANGE?

Apparatus

11 small test tubes

1 large test tubes
Universal indicators soln
12 solns
Pipette

Measuring pH

Method
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Using a pipette measure 1ml of each

soln into each test tube
Measure 1.5 mls of universal indicator
soln and place the large test tube
Add 2 drops of universal indicator to
each test tube record the changes
Compare with the pH chart and record
the results
Add a piece of magnesium ribbon to the
P3PO4 and a blue soln
Observe the results
Record your data on a graph either by
hand or using xcel

Answer these questions:

1. If you had to, how would you group these
results into three different groups?
2. Why?
3. Why do you think the metal reacted in the
orange solution and not the blue solution?
4. Do you think it would have mattered which
orange or blue solution you put the
magnesium into. Would you have got the
same or similar results?
5. Has there been a chemical change in the
testing of pH explain your reasoning.

CHEMICAL CHANGE VS PHYSICAL

CHANGE
A CHEMICAL CHANGE is something that
happens to a substance when we play with it.
A chemical change is special as we can only
observe it and when we are carrying out
experiments
Once we have had a chemical change we can
no longer get the original substance back, it
is now something new.
If we mix universal indicator solution with a
substance to measure pH can we gat the
original substance back?

Explain your answer.

If we mix an orange subatance with a

bluesubstance we end up with a salt and
water. Is this a chemical change or a physical
change?

Explain your answer.

Can you make a generalisation (scientific

rule) based on this idea?

pH is a chemical property of
a substance, this is used to
determine its ability to react
with other compounds. The
orange substances are acids
and blue/purple substances
are Alkali. When we added
the magnesium to the acid it
dissolved but did nothing
when it was added to the
alkali. This is just one
example of how acids and
alkalis' react.

IS BURNING A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

CHANGE?
Apparatus
Nichrome wire
Small beaker
Meth burner
6 salts

Method
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

fill a beaker with tap water

Dip the nichrome wire into the water
Dip the nichrome wire into the salt
Place over the hot part of the flame
Observe and record the results
Repeat for each of the salts
Burn the piece of metal, what colour did it
burn?

1. Each of the substances you have just tested is made up of a metal and a chloride.
How do we know that it is the different metals that produce a different colour and
not the chloride.
2. How can a flame test be used to identify different elements.
3. Why do we need to clean the wire between each of the tests.
4. Can you think of a practical use for this type of testing
5. What is a chemical change? Why is it called a chemical change?