What for?

(Log applications)

Stratigraphic

correlation

Formation Tops
Quantitative Oil, Gas, Water saturations
Porosity
Correlation with seismic data
Sedimentological studies
Reservoir modeling
Structural studies
Economics

What can we measure?

Electrical Properties

Natural radioactivity
Induced radioactivity
Acoustic Properties (sonic velocity)
Shape of hole
Noise
Temperature
Depth
Tilt of hole

Log Types
" Open hole logs" are run before the oil or gas well is lined with pipe or cased.
Open hole operations, or reservoir evaluation, involve the deployment of tools into a freshly
drilled well. As the toolstring traverses the wellbore, the individual tools gather information
about the surrounding formations.
A typical open hole log will have information about the density, porosity, permeability, lithology,
presence of hydrocarbons, and oil and water saturation.
"Cased hole logs" are run after the well is lined with casing or production pipe.
Cased hole operations, or production optimization, focus on optimizing the completed oil well
through mechanical services and logging technologies. At this point in the well's life, the well is
encased in steel pipe, cemented into the well bore and may or may not be producing.
A typical cased hole log may show cement quality, production information, and formation data.
Mechanical services use jet perforating guns, setting tools, and dump bailors to optimize the
flow of hydrocarbons.

Log Types
Lithologic Logs

Spontaneous Potential (SP)

Gamma Ray (GR)
Porosity Logs
Neutron
Density
Sonic

Other

Dipmeter
Caliper
Temperature
Acoustic
FMI
Many more

Resistivity Logs (Fluid Type)

Resistivity
Induction

Resistivity Log Applications

Determination of Hydrocarbon-Bearing vs. WaterBearing Zones
Water Saturation Sw
Geo-pressure Detection
Depth of Invasion
Stratigraphic Correlation

Resistivity Logs
Dual Laterologs (DLL)
Dual Induction logs (DIL)
The true formation resistivity must be measured to be able to evaluate the
hydrocarbon saturation in the reservoir.
When the resistivity measurement is carried out by a borehole sonde, the
measurement will be influenced by the formation invaded mud filtrate.
Three independent resistivity measurements are required to eliminate the
effect of the invaded zone, and determine the true formation resistivity.
These measurements are the Deep, the Shallow and the MSFL, each
having a different depth of investigation.

Resistivity Logs
LLD looks deep into the reservoir and measures the true formation
resistivity. The LLD is hardly influenced by the borehole, mudcake and
invaded zone. It will usually read the resistivity of the uninvaded
reservoir rock (Ro or Rt).
LLS looks shallow into the reservoir and measures the invaded zone
resistivity. The LLS is significantly influenced by the borehole, mudcake
and invaded lone. It can be used to correct the LLD when necessary.
MSFL reads the resistivity of the invaded reservoir rock (Rxo) close to
the wellbore.

Typical resistivity log responses

Induction Logs
Typically used in wells drilled with oil-based mud
The short normal (SN) has shallow depth of investigation and designed
to measure the resistivity of invaded zone.
The dual induction focused log is designed to provide the resistivity
data required to estimate the effect of invasion.