Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Batch Processes
Batch or Continuous
0
1
5
Design Hierarchy Revisited
Basis of
Design
Assessment
of
Knowledge
Synthesis
(structure &
scale)
Analysis
(phys.
behavior)
Evaluation
(of perform.)
Report of
Design
(decisions)
Transfer to
next level
1. Plant type
2. Input/
Output
3. Functional
blocks
4. Unit
operations
5. Equipment
6. Process
integration
7. Control &
safety
2.
3.
4.
Production rate
a. sometimes batch if < 500 ton/yr
b. usually batch if < 500 ton/yr
c. multi-product / multi-purpose plants
Product quality
a. narrow distributions (e.g., mol. weight)
b. issue: consistency between batches
Market forces
a. seasonal production (e.g., herbicides)
b. short product lifetime
Scale-up problems
a. very long reaction times
b. rapidly fouling materials
c. handling of slurries at low flow rates
2.
3.
4.
Purely batch
a. charging of all material at the start
b. varying temperature or pressure patterns in time
c. removal of all material at the end
Semi-batch (bio: fed-batch)
a. charging of some material at the start
b. varying feed rates and volume-time pattern
c. varying temperature- or pressure-time patterns
d. varying pattern of removal of material
e. automatic/manual control of patterns
Intermittent batch
a. special case of semi-batch
b. repetitive pattern of additions and removals
c. Automatic control of repetitive patterns
Repeated (fed) batch
a. special case of (fed) batch
b. some biomass is left at the end to start the next batch
b.
State
Fill vessel V01 with 90 ton water of 15oC (1000 kg per min.)
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Empty, clean
90 min.
Water full
60 min.
Water heated
10 min.
Solids added
100 min.
Solids dissolved
100 min.
Empty, used A
10 min.
Empty, clean
50 min.
Empty, clean
420 min.
Stage:
Unit in which a task is done
Storage:
Holding of state between tasks
Event:
A change of tasks, as well as the
Instance of change
Event chart
Plot of tasks & events versus time
GANTT CHART
Cycle time
- Sum over all processing times of
tasks & transfer times in a recipe
(non overlapping tasks)
-
Uncertainties in
a. feed composition
b. physical properties
c. reactivity
3.