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METABOLISM
Is the sum of all the biochemical
processes that occur within a cell
or organism
2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
Metabolism Function :
Substances of Metabolism :
Enzyme
Energy
(ATP)
Enzymes
Chemical reactions
Enzymes
Without Enzyme
With Enzyme
Free
Energy
Products
Components of Enzyme :
Apoenzyme + coenzyme =
holoenzyme
Apoenzyme
a protein molecules
Coenzyme
non protein molecules
(NAD and NADP)
Cofactor (ex : Calsium, magnesium
and Calium)
Fit between the substrate and the active site of the enzyme is
exact
Like a key fits into a lock very precisely
The key is analogous to the enzyme and the substrate
analogous to the lock.
Temporary structure called the enzyme-substrate complex
formed
Products have a different shape from the substrate
Once formed, they are released from the active site
Leaving it free to become attached to another substrate
E
E
E
Enzymesubstrate
complex
Enzyme may
be used again
P
P
Reaction coordinate
The substrate
Enzyme structure
Enzymes are
proteins
They have a
globular shape
A complex 3-D
structure
H.PELLETIER, M.R.SAWAYA
ProNuC Database
Cofactors
Classify of Enzymes :
Hydrolase enzyme
ex : carbohidrase, proteinase or enzymes in
the digestive system
Desmolase enzyme
ex : peroxinase, dehidroginase, katalase or
enzymes in the respiratory system
pH
Enzyme
substrate concentration
temperature
inhibitors
Reaction
velocity
Substrate concentration
Substrate concentration
The effect of pH
Optimum pH values
Enzyme
activity
Trypsin
Pepsin
1
2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
7
pH
11
The effect of pH
Enzyme
activity
10
20
30
40
Temperature / C
Denaturation
50
Inhibitors
E+I
Reversible
reaction
EI
Enzyme inhibitor
complex
Succinate
Succinate dehydrogenase
CH2COOH
COOH
CHCOOH
CH2
CH2COOH
COOH
Malonate
CHCOOH
Applications of inhibitors