LECTURE 1

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY

DEFINITIONS
Geology
2. Civil Engineering
3. Engineering geology
4. Geotechnical engineering
5. Rock mechanics
6. Soil mechanics
7. Geologist
8. Civil engineer
9. Engineering geologist
10. Geotechnical engineer
1.

GEOLOGY
The

scientific study
of Earth, benefits
everyone else on
this planet.
Study of origins,
structure,
composition and
history of the Earth,
together with the
processes which
have led to its
present state

It

is divided into two broad areas:

Physical geology is the study of
the earth materials such as
minerals-rocks and the processes
operating within earth and on its
surface.
Historical geology examines the
origin and evolution of earth, its
continent, atmosphere and life.

GEOLOGY

GEOLOGY
Comprises:
1. Crystallography
2. Geomorphology
3. Geochemistry
4. Geophysics
5. Paleontology
6. Petrology
7. Sedimentology
8. Stratigraphy
9. Structural geology

Crystallography

Geomorphology

Science of
analyzing
crystalline
structure of
materials.

Study of the
origin of
landforms
based on a
cause and
effect
relationship.

GEOLOGY

Geochemistry
Study of the
chemical
components of
the Earths
crust and
mantle.

Geophysics

Paleontology

Study of
the physics
of Earths
crust and
interior.

Study of
fossils
remains to
determine
relationships
among
sedimentary
rocks.

GEOLOGY

Petrology

Study about
rock
petrogenesis

Sedimentology

Stratigraphy

Study of
sedimentary
rocks and
the
processes by
which they
were formed.

Study about
composition,
sequence,
spatial
distribution,
classification
and
correlation
of the
stratified
rocks.

GEOLOGY

Structural
Geology
Study of rock
structures,
form,
genesis and
spatial
distribution

 Scientist

who studies

Earths:
Materials,
Physical and chemical
changes (occur on the
surface and in the
interior),
History and life forms of
the planet,
Structure of a specific
region of the Earths
crust.

GEOLOGIST

A
discip
line
of
apply
ing:

Techni
ques

Geol
ogic
data

Princ
iple

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

 Are

considered as professional
hybrid of geotechnical
engineering and geology.
A person who works with
engineers to:
Carry out detailed geological
mapping before major
construction work.
Assesses the qualities of
building stone and quarry
rocks used for building and
road construction.
Assess geological structures
for open cut and underground
mine safety and foundations
for building.

ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST

Responsibilities of Engineering
geologist in construction

WAKE UP
EVERYBODY!!!

Engineering geologist job scope in

construction
To

prepare and conduct geotechnical field investigations in

order to compile, analyze and interpret geotechnical data and
issues.
Design field studies, including the determination of project
questions to be asked and methods and techniques to be used.
To prepare geotechnical recommendations and reports for
engineers, to ensure that site specific geological features are
considered in the construction of facilities, bridges, roads and
airports.
Address issues or problems that are limited in scope but can be
environmentally controversial, publicly visible, and require
consideration of alternatives. Supervisory responsibilities may
exist but are not class-controlling.

Cont.
To

perform advanced level geologic studies or specialize by

analyzing, assessing and interpreting geological data specific to
a discipline or subdiscipline, gained through field studies,
literature research and resource extraction investigations.
Determine a plan of action or strategy for a project, and what
resources exist and are needed, including those with expertise
in certain disciplines or subdisciplines, to complete and meet
the goals of a project.
Coordinate one or more ongoing geologic projects, from
inception to completion, either as stand-alone projects or as
part of larger division-wide projects.
Initiate partnering dialogue and cooperation with other agencies
to obtain needed scientific specialty expertise for a project.

Cont.
Administer

and monitor expenditures against an

approved project budget; provide project budget and
progress reports.
Define mapping or research objectives in consultation
with project team members and higher level geologists.
Compile, analyze, and synthesize data, databases, or
inventories; accurately make geological interpretations
and recommendations, using GIS software in addition to
specialized topical scientific software and techniques, to
prepare, for example, geologic maps, assessments, and
reports for publication

Cont.
Define

mapping or research objectives in consultation

with project team members and higher level
geologists.
Function as a project team leader. Supervise and
provide training to interns/graduate students; give
direction to team members about task responsibilities,
and ensure that work is completed within projected
timeframes.
Perform geologic mapping or resource assessment
studies to acquire data needed to understand and
describe oil and gas sedimentary basins, or mineral
resources, and their geologic framework.

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Is

a sub discipline of civil engineering and

requires a knowledge of:
Engineering laws
Formulas
Construction techniques
The performance of civil engineering
works influenced by earth materials

Encompasses
engineering
aspects of:

Geology
Geophysics
Soil
mechanics
Rock
mechanics
Foundation
engineering
Hydrology and
related science

 The

study of
physical
behaviour of
rocks, including
crushing, bending
and shear
strength testing
and also their
elasticity, internal
angle of friction,
density,
permeability and
porosity.

ROCK MECHANICS

In

geology : The study of mechanics

of rock structures, their physical
properties and forces acting on
strata.
In civil engineering: The study of
rocks as raw materials and their
behavior in tunnels, quarries and
mines and the stability of buildings
on rock foundations.

ROCK MECHANICS

SOIL MECHANICS

It

is

applied

to

soils

to

determine

their

suitability for buildings sites, mining, etc, and

to

engineering

problems

dealing

with

the

stability of foundations due to mechanical and

chemical weathering of rocks.

Civil

engineering including:

Planning
Evaluation
Furnishing
Personal properties
Processing / assembling
Alteration
Repairing
Production
Manufacture
Construction infrastructure of facilities / buildings

CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEER
A

civil engineer is a person who

practices civil engineering.
An engineer trained in the design
and construction of public works.

WE ARE NOT DONE YETPLEASE

DONT FALL ASLEEP!!!

FIELD OF EXPERTISE
TOPIC

Groundwater

ENGINEERING
GEOLOGIST

Occurrence
Structural controls
Direction of
movement

GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEER
Mathematical
treatment of
well systems
Developments
concepts

OVERLAPPING
AREAS OF
EXPERTISE
Hydrology

FIELD OF EXPERTISE

FIELD OF EXPERTISE

FIELD OF EXPERTISE
TOPIC

Rock
mechanics

ENGINEERING
GEOLOGIST

Rock mechanics
Description of rock
Rock structure,
performance and
configuration

GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEER

OVERLAPPING
AREAS OF
EXPERTISE

Rock testing
In-situ studies
Stability analysis
Regional or
local studies
Stress distribution

FIELD OF EXPERTISE
TOPIC

Earthquake

ENGINEERING
GEOLOGIST

Location of faults
Evaluation of active
and inactive faults
Historic records or
earthquake

GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEER
Response of soil
and rock material
to seismic activity
Seismic design of
structures

OVERLAPPING
AREAS OF
EXPERTISE
Seismicity
Seismic
considerations
Earthquake
responsibility

FIELD OF EXPERTISE

FIELD OF EXPERTISE
TOPIC
Slope
stability

ENGINEERING
GEOLOGIST

Interpretative
Geological
analyses and
geometrics
Spatial
relationship

GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEER

Engineering
aspects of
slope stability
analysis and
testing

OVERLAPPING AREAS
OF EXPERTISE

Stability analyses
Grading in
mountainous terrain

FIELD OF EXPERTISE

End of Lecture 1