THE ADJECTIVES

A word that modifies or explains a noun or pronoun

1. Green tomatoes are sold at the market
2. Tropical diseases are spreading in Indonesia
3. The new rice plant is planted in Indonesia
Sometimes an adjective explaining a noun or pronoun occurs
in sentences using the verb to be
1. The rice plants are short
2. He is intelligent
3. They are (tomatoes, mangoes, etc) ripe
A word that tells the quantity of nouns : many, five, twenty, etc
The possessive adjectives : his, her, my, their, our
The articles : a, an, the

The present and past participle (-ed and -ing forms) of verbs used
before the nouns they describe such as : irrigated lands, blended
chemicals, harvesting machine, fishing equipment, etc
Examples ;
1. Modern technology help farmers produce rice in abundance
2. The traditional method of fishing is no longer used in Indonesia
3. Pineapple is a delicious tropical fruits grown in West Java
4. New bioengineering techniques are beneficial to the industry
5. Improved seeds will increase production
6. Spraying machines are needed in rural areas to destroy brown planthoppers
7. Those people bought frozen embryos from advanced nations
8. Huge buffaloes were used to cultivate large areas of land in developing countries
9. Twenty landless farmers transmigrated to Central Kalimantan,
10. Java is crowded and land is scarce

THE ADVERBS
Form : by adding ly to an adjective
Example :
Adjective
simultaneous
particular
active

Adverb
simultaneously
particularly
actively

Note :
- not all words ending in ly are adverb
- brotherly, fatherly, neighborly, lovely, are adjectives
- very, much, little, almost, often, there (do not have ly ending)
are adverbs

Function :
(1) They explain or qualify verbs
a. The fish in the two ponds are fed simultaneously
(simultaneously is an adverb qualifying the verb are fed)
b. Dodi actively took part in the discussion
(actively is an adverb explaining the verb took part)
(2) They explain adjectives
a. He is a highly intelligent person
(highly is an adverb describing the adjective intelligent)
b. Pancasila is an extremely valuable possession of the country
(extremely is an adverb qualifying the adjective valuable)
(3) They qualify other adverbs
a. He explained the Guidelines extremely well to the audience
(extremely is an adverb qualifying another adverb well)
b. The ideology was very often attacked by foreign ideas
(very is an adverb qualifying another adverb often)

The words ending in ly but functioning as adjective in sentences

Example ;
1. Farmers are early risers
(early is an adjective explaining the noun risers)
2. Neighborly actions are also encouraged by the 2nd principle of P
(neighborly is an adjective qualifying the noun actions)
3. Women should not neglect their wifely duties
(wifely is an adjective qualifying the noun duties)
Some words can function both as adverbs and adjectives
Example :
1. He learned the fundamental of Animal Science very fast
(fast is an adverb used to explain the verb learn)
2. He is a fast learner
(fast is an adjective explaining the noun learner)
3. I had a long talk with the professor
(long is an adjective used to explain the noun talk)
4. He said that I could stay as long as I like
(long is an adverb explaining the verb stay)