Animal Cell

Roshni Danwani

Class :- 9th C

Animal cell

AnAnimal cellis a form of

eukaryotic cell that makes up many
tissuesinanimals. The animal cell is
distinct from other eukaryotes, most
notablyplant cells, as they lackcell
wallsandchloroplasts, and they
have smallervacuoles. Due to the
lack of a rigidcell wall, animal cells
can adopt a variety of shapes, and
aphagocyticcell (white blood

Animal Cell

Parts in Animal Cell

Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Endoplasmic
reticulum

Golgi
apparatus
Lysosomes

Mitochondria
Vacuoles

Plant cell

Plant Cell

Plant cells areeukaryotic cells, or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.

Unlikeprokaryotic cells, theDNAin a plant cell is housed within the nucleus.

In addition to having a nucleus, plant cells also contain other membranebound organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific
functions necessary for normal cellular operation. Organelles have a wide
range of responsibilities that include everything from producing hormones and
enzymes to providing energy for a plant cell.
Plant cells are similar toanimal cellsin that they are both eukaryotic cells

and have similar organelles. Plant cells are generally larger than animal cells.
While animal cells come in various sizes and tend to have irregular shapes,
plant cells are more similar in size and are typically rectangular or cube
shaped. A plant cell also contains structures not found in an animal cell.
Some of these include acell wall, a large vacuole, and plastids. Plastids,
such aschloroplasts, assist in storing and harvesting needed substances for
the plant. Animal cells also contain structures such ascentrioles,lysosomes,
andcilia and flagellathat are not typically found in plant cells.

Meristematic tissues

Meristematic tissues
Meristematic tissues are responsible for the division of new cells... they are zones of actively
dividing cells
Before we precede, we should first recognize that growth in plants includes two stages:
first the production of new cells and,
secondly the expansion of these cells via uptake of water by the vacuole.
Cell division occurs solely in meristematic regions, while expansion may occur anywhere.
Thus in a single plant there are zones of young dividing cells, maturing cells, and mature
cells.
We will go into more detail on meristematic regions when we go over the stem and root
individually, but for now an introduction is sufficient
Let us recognize that there are 3 meristematic regions in the plant:
I. Apical meristems are located at the apices or tips - at root and shoot tips and are directly
involved in their elongation
They create derivatives which form primary growth.
the protoderm which forms the outer dermal layer of tissues,
the ground meristem which forms the cortical cells and
the procambium which forms the vascular tissue.

II. Lateral meristemare responsible for horizontal expansion

a.Vascular meristem-internal growth in girth which involves
secondary tissues (xylem and phloem). In thefasicular
regionthe cambial cells which divide toward the center form
xylem tissue and towards the outside phloem tissue.
Interfasicular indicates the cambium between the 'fasciles of
xylem & phloem.
b. Cork cambium- external girth growth beyond the phloem
area. They form the characteristic corky layer
as well as an internal layer. We'll cover these in more detail in
the section of the stem.

III. Intercalary meristem-

* occurs between mature tissues sections in the vicinity of the

nodes or leaf attachment;

* common in grasses (occur at bases of nodes);

* helps regenerate parts removed (by lawnmowers, herbivores,

etc.)