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Moisture Vapor Transfer

Theory
F A B R I C O B JE C T I VE M EA S U R E M EN T
A S S IGN M E N T - 3

SUBMITTED TO:
ASST. PROFFESER
PARNAV VORA

SUBMITTED BY
NIVEDITA KUMARI
RAVISH KHAN
SUNIDHI KUMARI
DFT(VI)

Heat transfer

Heat transfer is the study of energy


movement in the form of heat which occurs
in many types of processes.
The transfer occurs from the HIGH TO THE
LOW TEMPERATURE regions.

Mass Transfer

This sort of transport of one substance


relative to another called mass transfer.
Textiles exposed to a hot air stream may be
cooled evaporative by bleeding water
through its surface.
Water vapor may condense out of damp air
onto cool surfaces.
Heat will flow through an air-water mixture in
these situations, but water vapor will diffuse
through air as well.

Drying of textiles

Drying of textiles is accomplished by vaporizing

the water and to do this the latent heat of


vaporization must be supplied.
There are, thus, two important process
controlling factors that enter into the process of
drying:
(a) Transfer of heat to provide the necessary
latent heat of vaporization.
(b) Movement of water through textiles and then
away from it to effect separation of water.

Requirement in textiles
Drying the fabric or garment
Comfort to wear the garments and fabrics
To avoid clinging property of garments.
Human body produce moisture in form of

perspiration .
It transfer to outside environment through
fabric .
It remove heat from the body through fabric.

This Information is use for


Information on the transmission of water
vapor by textiles fibers is desirable for better
understanding of the problems of
comfort factor of garments
design for fabrics in special applications such
as protective clothing, upholstery, footwear,
immersion suits.

MVTR
Stands for MOISTURE VAPOR TRANSFER RATE
It is the rate at which moisture vapor transfer

through the fabric layers.


Breathable Fabric: When fabric allow to move
the water vapor at faster rate then it is called
breathable fabric or breathability. This should
more scientifically be referred to as water
vapor permeability.
BS 7209 : it is method used to check vapors
transfer through multilayer fabrics.

MVTR
Human Skin
Sweat

Fabrics

If water vapor not


transfer to Out side
Environment

Increase thermal
conductivity of
air

Fabric
become
s
uncomf
ortable

Hypothermia
Hypothermia: In extreme cases hypothermia

can result if the body loses heat more rapidly


than it is able to produce it.
If perspiration cannot evaporate and liquid
sweatis produced, the body is prevented from
cooling at the same rate as heat is produced,
for example during physical activity, and
hyperthermia can result as the body core
temperature increases.

Heat energy produced by various activities and corresponding


perspiration rates
Activity

Work rate (watts)

Perspiration rate
(g/day)

Sleeping

60

2280

Gentle Walking

200

7600

Sitting

100

3800

Active Walking

300

11500

Maximum work rate

1000-1200

38000-45600

A review of clothing studies has shown that

moisture collection in cold weather clothing,


even after heavy exercise, seldom exceeds
10% by weight of added water
One of the measurements are used to
calculate values related to water vapor
transmission properties is "water vapor
resistance".

Water vapor resistance


This is the water vapor pressure difference

across the two faces of the fabric divided by


the heat flux per unit area.
Moisture Regain is the mass of water present
expressed as a percentage of the dry weight
of the material.
Cotton: 8-8.5 %
Polyester : 0.4%

Typical water vapor resistance(WVR) of fabrics

Fabric, Outer (shell) material WVR(mm still

air)
Neoprene, rubber or PVC coated: 1000-1200
Conventional PVC coated:300-400
Waxed cotton:1000+
Wool overcoating: 6-13
Leather :7-8
Woven microfiber: 3-5
Closely woven cotton: 2-4

Stage I & II
Cross sections of absorbent material at different regains .

Stage III and IV


Cross sections of absorbent material at different regains .

Transport phenomena for sweat


The two most important characteristics of

fabrics are water vapor transport and heat


transport.
Water vapor transport is depend on water
vapor resistance.
Wicking : How quickly water spread out from
fabrics.

Wicking
It determines how quickly and how widely

liquid water spreads out laterally on the


surface of or within the matrix of the fabric.
It determines the overall water vapour
transport rate through the layered fabrics.

Conclusion
It should be noted that the overall water

vapor and heat transport characteristics of a


fabric should depend on factors such as the :
the
Type of Fibers.
The Porosity of fabric
Density of textile material
Thickness of the fabric ( multilayer fabrics)

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