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A Look Inside 21st
Century Automotive
Technology
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 The purpose of my research was to

gain an understanding of the modern
automobile in an attempt to debate
what its future may be.
 I did this by using online and print
sources to research a brief history of
the automobile, current automotive
innovations, and the ideas which will
hopefully define the 21st century.
 c   
   

 !here the automobile currently stands in our

society.
 Future technologies which will help maximize
automobile efficiency.
 The impending oil crisis.
 Alternative fuels being researched for mass
usage.
 A peak into cars designs of the future.
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 •maller, sleeker, lighter, quicker, more fuel
efficient, and environmentally sounder
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 Inertia !eight
 Rolling Resistance M Road Load
 Aerodynamic Drag

 Engine Consumption
 Transmission Inefficiencies M •ystem
 Final Drive Ratio Efficiency
 Gear Ratio
 

 
 Forced Induction
 •uperchargers
 Turbochargers
 Advanced •ensors and Electronics
 Advanced •tructures and Materials
 Design and Manufacturing Processes
 Kinetic •torage
 Hydraulic •torage
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 percent power increase over NA

engines.
 Create Boost: combustion pressure higher
than that of atmospheric pressure
 Compression = Oxygen density
 = combustibility = performance
Õ 

 

 Captures energy usually wasted and
stores it as useable energy

 Kinetic storage
 Uses energy created by the rotation of the
Automobile¶s Flywheel

 Hydraulic storage
 Captures energy created when breaking
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 6ariable Cam Timing and Engine Compression
 Adjusts valve timing to engine¶s specific speed and
load

 Continuously 6ariable Transmission

 !ould ensure engine is always at its most efficient
gear ratio, eliminating need for gears

A sample
C6T
  
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# 
2 world consumption
 75.6 million barrels of oil per day
 Personal Transportation consumes about
62% of the world¶s energy usage
 Peacetime U• military spending
preserving oil supply is $1
$2 billion a
year

By 2 2 :
OIL DEMAND !ILL •URPA•• OIL •UPPLY
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 •hort Range
 Diesel Engines
 Hybrid Engines
 Fuel Additives
 Alcohols

 Long Range
 Natural Gases
 Electric Engines / Advanced Hybrids
 Hydrogen
 c $ !  
 Diesel engines are not the earth
killers
they once were
 CO2 emissions Ļ NOx emissions Ĺ
 Converting to ³Clean Diesel´ can yield a

 % increase in gas mileage
 Uses intensified diesel fuel
 Hybrid Diesel Engines
 Adding an electric motor to a modern diesel
engine can result in mileage increases of up to
7 %
Mercedes Benz¶s Clean Diesel GL 2
   % 
 Ethanol
 Renewable

 Methanol
 Cleaner fossil fuel

 Can be mixed with normal

gasoline
 Increased efficiency and lower
emissions
GM¶s 85% Ethanol Chevrolet Avalanche
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 Many cars currently use hybrid engines to
increase efficiency
 Completely renewable
 Minimal emissions
 Almost every style of automotive engine
can be combined to created a hybrid
engine
 Battery size needed makes using an
electric motor by itself impractical
 
  &  
Many electric vehicles are very similar to current production
In design
But they are usually much lighter!
c      
 Reverse Hydrolysis
 H2 + 2 = 2H2 + energy (2 kJ / g)

 1 Kg solid H2 = 1 gallon gasoline

Costs $ last 2/ as long

 Can be stored in tanks called Fuel Cells

 Liquid H2 must be stored at 2 .oK (about
255o C)
 Gaseous H2 can be compressed and stored easily

 Liquid Hydrogen is a much more effective fuel

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 Though it can be domestically produced quite
easily«
 Pure Hydrogen is rare in nature
 Must be Manufactured
 •team Reformation
 •team separates Hydrogen from natural gases
 Acid extraction
 Zn + 2HCl

 ZnCl2 + H2
 Electrolysis
 Hydrogen engines can be mixed with almost all
current engine additions
 Turbochargers, energy converters, hybrid
technologies«.
Fuel •ource Energy Densities (kJ/g)
Gasoline 8.28
Diesel 5.72
Methanol 27.68
Ethanol 29.52
Hydrogen (l) 1.5
Hydrogen (g) 2.8
Propane 6.
Butane 5.6
Methane 5.
Pb/lead battery .19
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 Alternatively fueled vehicles aided by the
use of hydraulic and kinetic storage,
turbochargers, hybrid technology and
possibly fuel additives

!ITH THE COMBINATION OF THI•

TECHNOLOGY, H2 ENGINE• CAN ALREADY
KEEP UP !ITH GA•OLINE ENGINE•
 



 The Modern automobile is a complex and vast
part of our society

 !ith modern technology we can make

automobiles extremely efficient
 !e must however find and implement a new
energy source within the next 15 years

 The next generation of cars will combine

numerous technologies with renewable fuel
based engines to create super efficient,
environmentally friendly automobiles
Alternative Cars and Automotive Designs
From the Future
Hydrogen Powered 6ehicles
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 Handle better than 
wheele automobiles
 Lighter

Pontiac
Monaro

BM!
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 &  
 6ery light
 Allow for increased traffic flow

Honda EP
 1, lbs

GM Lean Machine 5 lbs 12 MPG