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Acute rhinitis
Chronic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis
Rhinitis
Acute rhinitis
Can either be:
Common
cold
(coryza)
1. Viral
Rhinitis
Influenza
Rhinitis
Rhinitis ass/
with
exanthemas
2.
Bacterial
Rhinitis
3.
Irritative
Rhinitis
Nonspecific
Infections
Diphtheritic
Rhinitis
Caused by virus
Airborne droplets
IP : 1-4 days
Duration: 2-3
weeks
Adenovirus
Secondary
Infections:
Streptococcus
hemolyticus
PicornavirusPneumococcus
rhinovirus,
coxsackie
Staphylococcus
virus
H. Influenza
Enteric cytophatic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
human orphan virus
Morexella catarrhalis
Onset- Burning
sensation behind
nose nasal
stuffiness,
rhinorrhea,
sneezing
Nasal discharge :
watery, profuse.
(Mucopurulentsecondary
infection)
Chills, low grade
fever
Bed rest
Plenty of fluids
Symptoms: Antistaminic, Nasal decongestant
Analgesic
Antibiotics
Complications
Usually self-limiting
Rarely:
Sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and
otitis media
2. Influenzal Rhinitis
Caused by influenza
viruses A, B or C
Symptoms and signs
similar to those coryza
Complications due to
bacterial invasion are
common
Bacterial Rhinitis
1. Nonspecific Infections
. May be primary / secondary
. Primary - children ( Pneumococcus,
Streptococcus or Staphylococcus)
. A greyish white tenacious membrane
may form
. Removal attempt bleeding
. Secondary bacterial rhinitis
Bacterial Rhinitis
2. Diphtheritic Rhinitis
Rare
Primary or secondary to faucial diphtheria
Acute or chronic form
Greyish membrane seen covering the inferior turbinate
Removal bleeding
Excoriation of anterior nares and upper lip
Treatment
isolation
systemic penicillin
diphtheria antitoxin
Chronic Rhinitis
Chronic = long standing, persistent,
recurrent
1. Chronic Simple Rhinitis
2. Hypertrophic Rhinitis
3. Atrophic Rhinitis
4. Rhinitis Sicca
5. Rhinitis Caseosa
Pathology:
Hyperaemia and oedema of mucous membrane
Hypertrophy of seromucinous glands
Increase in goblet cells
Blood sinusoids distended (particularly over the turbinates
area)
Treatment:
Treat the cause
Nasal irrigation with alkaline solution
Nasal decongestant
Antibiotics
2. Hyperthrophic Rhinitis
Characterized by thickening of mucosa, submucosa,
Symptoms:
Nasal obstruction
Nasal discharge (thick and sticky)
Headache, heaviness of head, transient anosmia
2. Hypertrophic Rhinitis
cont.
Signs:
Hypertrophy of turbinates
Turbinal mucosa is thick and does not pit on pressure
Little shrinkage with vasoconstrictor drugs underlying fibrosis
Mulberry appearance
COMPENSATORY
HYPERTROPHIC
RHINITIS
Treatment:
Linear cauterization
Submucosal diathermy
Cryosurgery of turbinates
Partial or total turbinectomy
Submucous resection of turbinate
Lasers
bone
3. ATROPHIC RHINITIS
(OZAENA)
Chronic inflammation characterized by atrophy of nasal mucosa
and turbinate bones
Nasal cavities roomy, full of foul-smelling crusts
Two types : Primary & Secondary
I. PRIMARY ATROPHIC RHINITIS
Aetiology:
Hereditary factors
Endocrinal disturbance
Racial factors
Nutritional deficiency
Infection (Klebsiella ozaenae, diphtheroids, Proteus vulgaris, E.Coli,
etc.)
Autoimmune process
Posterior wall
of
nasopharynx
easily seen
Nasal mucosa
pale
Septal
perforation
and dermatitis
of nasal
vestibule
Atrophic
changes
(pharynx,
larynx)