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Chapter 30
Alexander the Great and His Empire
How did Alexander build his empire?
Section 30.1
Paragraph 1:
Athens and Sparta experienced trouble
again.

Athens power grew, other city-sts (esp

Sparta) jealous
Mistrust
Quarrel

Paragraph 2:
A war began.

431 B.C. (B.C.E.) sp declared war on

Ath
Sm city-sts drawn in
Peloponnesian War
27 yrs

Paragraph 3:
Another power saw this division as an
opportunity.

From North-Macedonia, King Philip II

Constant wars made Gk divided, weak
Control Greece

Paragraph 4:
Philips son wanted to grow even more.

Paragraph 5:
Alexander needed a plan.
Section 30.2
Paragraph 1:
The war between Athens and Sparta
began.

Alexander
More ambitious-extended rule from
Macedonia & Greece-Central Asia, parts
of India
Build, rule, unite
431 B.C. (B.C.E.)-Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesus-peninsula part of
Greece, Sparta on
Other city-sts either allied w/ Athens or
Sparta

Paragraph 2:
The war lasted for awhile.

27 yrs, 431-404 B.C. (B.C.E.)

Sp won-most powerful Gk city-sts until
def by Thebes

Paragraph 3:
Macedonia grew at this time.

Used to live in scattered tribes

King Philip II unified, created welltrained army

Paragraph 4:
Philip saw an opportunity
.
Paragraph 5:
Philip took over most of Greece.

Yrs war left Greece div, weak

Philip used weakness
338 B.C. (B.C.E.)
Let Greek city-sts keep many freedoms
Never again would a Gk city-st be great
power

Paragraph 6:
Philip had a new goal.

Attack Persia
Murdered in 336 B.C. (B.C.E.)
Son, Alexander, new king

Section 30.3
Paragraph 1:
Alexander was young but knowledgeable.

Paragraph 2:
Alexander wanted to fulfill his fathers plan.

20 yrs old-king
Well prepared-tutored by Aristotle
taught pub spkg, science, philosophy,
appreciate Gk culture
Stopped rebellion of Gk city-sts
Focused on east-fathers plan to
conquer Persia
Fighting Persia would help unite
Greeks-common enemy
Victory-more $ for Alexander

Paragraph 3:
Alexander had ideas about how to
conquer.

Section 30.4
Paragraph 1:
Alexander conquered more lands.

Paragraph 2:
Alexander ruled most of the known world.
Paragraph 3:
With new land came new challenges.

Paragraph 4:
Alexander had an idea about how to
unite.

334 B.C. (B.C.E.) united Gk and

Macedonian army

Invaded Asia Minor

Plan-create empire w/ terror and

kindness

If resist Alexander-burn town, sell

people into slavery

If surrender-keep govt officials,

rebuild damaged prop

Extended rule over Asia Minor,

Egypt, Central Asia

Pushd on

Marched to farthest edge of Persian

Empire, Western India

Alexander the Great

Bold, brilliant general

How control lg territory?

How unite so many people?

Cultures?

Wanted all to accept him as ruler

Spread Greek culture

Not want to destroy local customs &

traditions

Goal-bring people together under 1

govt

Paragraph 5:
There were three parts to his plan to
achieve his goal.

Section 30.5
Paragraph 1:
Alexander hoped Greek culture and ideas
would unite the people.

Paragraph 2:
He established Greek cities around
empire helping to spread Greek
culture.
Paragraph 3:
Greeks went to Alexanders cities and
brought Greek ideas.

Paragraph 4:
Alexandria, Egypt was the most famous
of his cities.

Paragraph 5:
Learning and trade centered in
Alexandria.

1-spread Gk culture, ideas

2-use religion to inspire loyalty

3-respect cultures of conquered and

adopt some customs

Deeply admired Gk culture

Wanted to spread & hoped Gk ideas,

customs, traditions blend w/ those of
conquered

Marketplaces, temples, theaters

Brought Gk laws, art, lit

Local soldiers, govt officials had to

speak only Gk

Founded 332 B.C. (B.C.E.) by

Alexander

Near sea

Grid of intersecting wide, narrow

streets

Many Gk features-marketplace,
university, gymnasium, theater, law
courts, library

Temple to Poseidon

More than 16 Alexandrias

Library-more than 1 mill books

One of lgst libraries at time

Section 30. 6
Paragraph 1:
Religion was an important part of his goal.

2nd part of

Used religion in 2 ways

1st-honored Egyptian, Persian gods

w/ same respect given Gk gods

Show respect-visit oracle sites,

made sacrifices, bld temples honor
gods

Visit Ammons (Amun) temple,

welcomed him as gods son gain
loyalty of Egyptian people

Promoted idea he was a god

Wear crown w/ ram horns

Looked like headdress of Ammonencouraged Egyptians to accept as

a god

Spread story of greeting

Required all Gks to accept him as

son of Zeus

Section 30.7
Paragraph 1:
Respect was the third part of his plan.

Show respect for cultural practices

Adopt some customs

Paragraph 2:
In Persia, he adopted some parts of
government.

Let Persian govs run day to day

business

Appt Macedonians to head army

Alexanders own people controlled

taxes

Decorative Persian clothes

Rcd official visitors in luxurious tent

(like Persian king) w/ tall columns
covered in gold, silver, prec stones

Paragraph 2:
Alexander respected other religions, too.

Paragraph 3:
Being viewed as a god was the second
part of his plan to use religion.

Paragraph 4:
Later he encouraged this belief more.

Paragraph 3:
His clothing and tent also reflected this.

Paragraph 4:
Alexander also adopted Persian greeting of king.

Paragraph 5:
Marriage between cultures was another part of this
step.

Visitors kneel in front of throne,

bend over till head touched ground
Alexander raise vistor to ft, kiss
him, address kinsman

Encouraged btwn Macedonians

and Persians
married eldest daughter of Darius
III

Paragraph 6:
There are different possible reasons for adopting
parts of culture.

Section 30.8
Paragraph 1:
After years of fighting, his army turned back.

Trying to be more acceptable ruler

Considered all to be equal to Gks,
Macedonians

324 B.C. (B.C.E.)-army in N India

10 yrs fighting, exhausted, soldiers
didnt go on
Alexander returned to Babylon
323 B.C. (B.C.E.)-died, 33 yrs old

Paragraph 2:
His death caused chaos and division.

Paragraph 3:
Greek ideas continued.
Chapter 30 Summary

Helpful Vocabulary

Empire fell apart

Settlers left cities built, fell to ruin
Generals fought for control
Div into 3 kingdoms-Egypt, Syria,
and Macedonia/Greece

Gk power faded, culture remained

Greek culture spread because of

Alexander the Great.