Pathogenic Microorganisms in

Gastrointestinal Tract
Dr. A.Aziz Djamal
MSc.DTM&H.SpMK(K)

Gastro-intestinal tract
Respiratory tract
complex
Genitourinary tract
defence

)
)
)

All with
mucosal

mechanism
It is necessary as an interface
between non-sterile
part of body and the sterile

Mouth / Oral :
Normally
The most numerous number of bacterial
species
The most abundant bacterial content.
Pathogens :
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus mutans

Oesophagus
The less prone to get infection due to
microbe.
Oesophagitis is commonly caused by
irritation and
errosive inflamation due to gastric acid
reflux.

Gaster
The only reported pathogenic bacteria
Helicobacter pylory :
Spiral shape
2-4 micron in length
0.5 1.0 micron in width
Gram negative
Urease producing
2-6 unipolar flagel
Microaerophilic

Other Characteristic :
Can not afford to the high
Oxygen Pressure
( need only 2- 5 % of O2 )

Complex Nutrient need

Narrow temp range : 34 40 C

Primary Host :
Human
Other primates

Animal Model :
Mouse
Mongolian Gerbil
Guinea Pig
Gnotobiotic Piglet

Transmission :
Mostly human to human
transmission
Oral to oral
Fecal to oral
Developing countries :
Early childhood
80 % of population are infected.
Developed countries
Mostly adolescent and adult
40 % of population are infected

H. pylory could be detected from ;

Saliva
Vomitus
Gastric reflux
Feces

Other Species :
H. felis

H. mestelae
H. acinonychis
Tiger,

Host

: Cat
Dog
Mice
Host : Ferret
Host : Cheetah,
Other

big cats
H. Heelmannii
Dog, Cat,

Host

Human,

Pathology
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer
disease
Gastric adenoma
MALT Lymphoma

Type of Gastritis
1. Pan-gastritis :

Chronic inflammation
Atrophy
Intestinal metaplasia
Acid secretion :

Reduced
Duodenal Mucous :
Normal
Clinical Condition :
Gastric ulcer
Gastric cancer

2. Antral Gastritis
Chronic inflammation
Polymorph activity
Acid secretion : Increase
Duodenal : Gastric
metaplasia
Active chronic
inflammation
Clinical Condition :
Duodenal Ulcer

H. pylory has been associated

with :
Coronary heart disease
Dermatological disorder : idiopathic
urticaria
Autoimmune thyroid disease
Thrombocytopathic purpura
Iron Deficiency anemia
Raynaud s disease
Scleroderma
Migrain
Gullain Barre Syndrome

Diagnosis :
Invasive : Endoscopy
Gastric mucous biopsy :
Culture
Histology
Non-invasive :
Blood
Saliva
Urine
feces

INTESTINAL
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Reduced of Oxygen content
Alkaline
Bile secretions
Normally : Anaerobic bacteria is the
predominant :
Bacteroides sp

Pathogenic micro-organisms in
intestinal :
Some Species of Enterobacteriaceae
Some species of Vibrionaceae
Some viral species

Family Enterobacteriaceae :
Genus : Escherichia
Salmonella
Shigella
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Yersinia

Esherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic E. coli -- St and Lt

Enterotoxin
Enteroinvasive E. coli Shiga like toxin
Enteropathogenic E. coli
inflammatory
Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli toxin and
hemolysin
Enteroadherent E. coli -- Multilayer
colony

Salmonella :
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi A , B, C
Typhoid Fever and Salmonellosis
Mostly Food borne disease

Shigella :
Shigella dysenteriae
Shigella sonnei
Shigella shigae
Not in Intestine but in Colon
Necrotizing toxin
Local inflammation with
pseudomembrane

Vibrionaceae :
Vibrio cholerae ; Classic and
El Tor
Strong
Enterotoxin
Water
borne disease
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Food
poisoning

Pathogenic Virus :

mucous
mucous

absorption

Rota Virus :
Mostly children under 5 years
Inflammatory on intestinal
Epithelial change in intestinal
Damage on Mucosal cilia
Nutritional and water

Pathogenesis :
1.Adhere conducted by a group of factors
adhesins
2. Invasion by several substances :
invasins
3. Overcome the host defence system by
many
factors called : Defensins
4. Damage of the host tissue or cells by a
group of
substances called aggressins.

Diagnosis
Mostly by detection of the bacteria /
antigen from
gastrointestinal secretion / content.
Serology
Molecular