DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
KAVIKULGURU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
& SCIENCE RAMTEK - 441 106

SIMULATION OF WiMAX-MIMO
SYSTEM USING STBC
PROJECTEES:
1..MANISH KITADIKAR(12027)
2. ANKIT NANOTE(12039)
3. SURAJ D. KOHALE(11033)

4. PRIYA WADBUDE(EC11041)
5. SARAG K. DAMALE(11053)

PROJECT GUIDE :
Dr.SUDHIR B.LANDE

CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
- WiMAX
- MIMO
- STBC
BER COMPARISON TOOLS
-DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES
-CHANNELS
-MODULATION SCHEMES
-SIMULATION MODEL
WORK IMPLEMENTED
CONCLUSION
WORK TO BE COMPLETED
REFERENCES

OBJECTIVE
Comparing the BER under different
channels.
Estimating better channel for wireless
communication.
Comparison of lower and higher
modulation schemes.

WiMAX
It is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access.
Use for wireless Metropolitan Area
Network(MAN).
First WiMAX system is based on IEEE 802.16-2004
standard.
Mobile applications were added by introducing
802.16-2005.
Range is from 1.6 to 5 Km at 5MHz.
Supports high data rate and high capacity in
mobile (BWA).
Ensures broadband access for last mile
connectivity.

MIMO
It is Multi Input and Multi Output system.
Ability to exploit non line-of sight (NLoS) channels
Increases spectral efficiency. .
Provides a robust platform for space, time and
frequency selective fading .
MIMO system can provide two types of gain:
1)Spatial Multiplexing Gain
2)Diversity Gain

MIMO SYSTEM MODEL

infobits

transmitter

NT transmit antennas

#1

#1

#n

#m

#NT

#NR

a1 (k )

a N T (k )

r1 ( k )

rN R (k )

receiver

infobits

NR receive
antennas

k : time index (k = 1, ..., K)

a1 (k ).r1 (k )
a1 (k ).r1 (k ) a1 (k ).rN r (k )
a2 (k ).r1 (k ) a2 (k ).r2 (k ) a2 (k ).rN r (k )

a N t (k ).r1 (k ) aN t (k ).r2 (k ) a N t (k ).rN r (k )

Simulation Parameters
STANDARD

CHANNELS

MODULATION
SCHEME
CODE RATE

SYSTEM
CONFIGURATION

802.16e

AWGN,RICIAN,RAYLEIGH
QPSK,8-PSK,16-QAM,64QAM

1/2 , 3/4
1x1, 1x2, 1x4, 2x1,
2x2, 3x4

STBC
STBC is Space Time Block Codes.
Data is encoded using a spacetime block code
and the encoded data is split into n streams
Data is distributed among spaced antennas and
across time.
Improves BER performance.
Can achieve full diversity with linear processing
at receiver.
No bandwidth expansion

STBC Decoder
In matrix form the received signal is:

r1
r *
2

h1 h2 x1
*
* . *
h2 h1 x2

n1
*
n2

r H .x n
where,
r1

r2

n1

= decoder
matrix

n *
2

h1 h2
*
* = encoder
h2 h1
matrix

= noise
matrix

TRANSMIT DIVERSITY
Techniques used->
1)No Diversity:
and receive

Only the use of single transmit

antennae.

2) MRC:
- Maximum Ratio Combining.
- Here n receive antennas and one transmit
antennas .
- Signals from each channel are added
together to get a
combined signal.

2)Alamouti Scheme:
- Codes are orthogonal.
- Achieve full transmit diversity specified by
number of
transmit antennas.
- Here 2 transmit and 1 receive antennas are
used.
- Doesnt require any bandwidth expansion.
- Computation complexity similar to MRC.
- A 3dB redduction in power of tranmit
antennas.
- Uses cheaper and smaller power amplifiers.

CHANNELS USED
1) AWGN channel
-> It is an imaginary channel.
-> It adds white noise with the signal.
-> It has constant spectral density.
-> Not responsible for fading or dispersion.
-> AWGN has better BER performance than Rayleigh and Rician channel.

2) Rayleigh channel
-> Most applicable when NLOS.
->The signal level of the received wave changes from moment to
moment.
-> Multipath fading raises the error rate of the received data .
-> Rayleigh has worst BER performance than AWGN and Rician channel .

3) Rician channel
-> Most applicable for LOS of signal.
-> Rician fading occurs when a line of sight signal
is much stronger
than the others.
-> Rician has better BER performance in QPSK
modulation than
Rayleigh.

MODULATION SCHEMES
1) QPSK
->It send two bits of digital information at a time
->More power efficient and need less bandwidth.
->Poor output as compare to the higher modulation
schemes
->Better BER performance than 8-PSK and QAM under
any
channel

2) 8-PSK
->It send three bits of digital information at a time
->Less power efficient and required more bandwidth
than
QPSK
->Better output as compared to QPSK

3) 16 QAM
-> It sends four bits of digital information at a time
-> Less power efficient and required more bandwidth than
QPSK and 8-PSK
-> Better output as compared to QPSK and 8-PSK
-> Better BER performance than 64 QAM only
4) 64-QAM
-> It send six bits of digital information at a time
-> Less power efficient and required highest bandwidth than
other modulation schemes
-> Very good output as compare to all other lower modulation
schemes
-> Worst BER performance than all lower modulation
schemes.

COMPARISION OF SYMBOL
RATE
Modulation
Schemes

Bits per
Symbol

Symbol Rate
(Bit Rate)

1) QPSK

1/2

2)

8-PSK

1/3

3)

16-QAM

1/4

1/6

4)

64-QAM

SIMULATION MODEL

Main Blocks of Simulation Model Information Source Modulation Channel-

Bernoulli Distribution is used.

Different modulation schemes are used such as
QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-QAM AND 64-QAM
AWGN,Rayleigh and Rician channels are use for
transmission of encoded data

STBC Encoder STBC Decoder Demodulation-

It is used for space time diversity coding which

reduces noise and increase bandwidth.
It is generally use to decode the encoded data.
Demodulate the decoded data and compare
original data with recovered data to give BER.

WORK IMPLEMENTED
1. BER performance with QPSK modulation
under different channel

2.BER performance with different

modulation schemes under AWGN
channel

3.BER performance for different

modulation scheme under Rayleigh
channel

4.BER performance for different

modulation scheme under Rician
channel

5.BER performance for different

diversity techniques for QPSK

Signal to noise ratio

6)BER Performance & Comparison of STBC(3x4), Alamouti(2x1),

Alamouti(2x2) in AWGN Channel with QPSK,8-PSK,16-QAM,64QAM Modulation Schemes

7)BER Performance & Comparison of STBC(3x4), Alamouti(2x1),

Alamouti(2x2) in Rayleigh Channel with QPSK,8-PSK,16-QAM,64QAM Modulation Schemes

8)BER Performance & Comparison of STBC(3x4), Alamouti(2x1),

Alamouti(2x2) in RICIAN Channel with QPSK,8-PSK,16-QAM,64QAM Modulation Schemes

CONCLUSION
BWA has emerged better option for high speed
internet access.
MRC gives better BER performance than other
diversity techniques.
Lower modulation performs better than higher
modulation schemes.
As SNR increases BER performance becomes better.
Used in disaster recovery where the wired network
have broken down.
It enables the enterprises to track vehicles
coordinate workflow with driver and passenger.

WORK COMPLETED
We have simulated 8 models under
different channels.
work is completed.

REFERENCES
[1] P.Samundiswary, Ravi Ranjan Prasad , Performance Analysis of MIMO-Mobile WiMAX System
using Space Time Block Codes under Different Channels, International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) , Volume-2, January 2013 .
[2]Sunil Singh and Ranjeet Prajapat, Performance Evaluation of WiMAX in Orthogonal Space Time
Block Coding, International Journal on Emerging Technologies, December 2014.
[3] Sunil Singh* and Ranjeet Prajapat A Review WiMAX in Orthogonal Space Time Block Coding,
International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, November, 2014.
[4] Vahid Tarokh, Member, IEEE, Hamid Jafarkhani, Member, IEEE, and A. Robert Calderbank,
Fellow, IEEE, SpaceTime Block Coding for Wireless Communications: Performance Results, IEEE
JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 17, MARCH 1999.
[1] P.Samundiswary, Ravi Ranjan Prasad , Performance Analysis of MIMO-Mobile WiMAX System
BOOKS:
(5) Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, Chung G. Kang MIMO-OFDM WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS WITH MATLAB John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop, # 02-01,
Singapore 129809.
(6) Jeffrey G. Andrews, Arunabha Ghosh, Rias Muhamed Fundamentals of WiMAX Understanding
Broadband Wireless NetworkingCopyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
[7] S. Alamouti, A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications, IEEE Journal
on Selected Areas in Communication, Vol. 16, pp. 14511458, Oct. 1998.
(8) Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) in OFDM Physical Layer by
Mohammad Azizul Hasan

THANK
YOU