PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN

NUTRITION
FARAH NABILAH BT ABDUL RAUF
012016020432
MISS YAMUNA

VITAMIN
E

Introduction
"Vitamin E"
The collective name for a group of fat-soluble compounds with distinctive
antioxidant activities.
Exists in 8 chemical forms:
1.

alpha-, beta-, gamma-, & delta-tocopherol

2.

alpha-, beta-, gamma-, & delta-tocotrienol

*alpha tocopherol the most active in humans.

Vitamin E is fat-soluble (the body stores & uses it as needed).

Health Benefits
Prevention of type 1
or 2 diabetes, blood
sugar control,
clotting problems or
clogged arteries in
diabetes eyes.

For structural and

functional
maintenance of
skeletal, cardiac,
and smooth muscle.

An antioxidant that
helps protects cells
from damage by
free radicals that
can damage tissues
& organs in the
body.

Have preventive
effects against
cancer.

Helps to maintain
stores of vitamins A
and K, iron, and
selenium.

Assists in the
formation of red
blood cells

It may have a
positive effect on
immune health,
protect against the
oxidative damage
that can lead to
heart disease.

ew Weil and Brian Becker on Oct. 29th, 2012

Help relieve
symptoms
ofAlzheimer'sdisea
se.

Bioavailability
Vitamin E found mainly in foods that contain fat.

green leafy vegetables, whole grains, fortified cereals, and vegetable oils.
Includes a variety of protein foods [ seafood, lean meats and poultry,
eggs, legumes (beans and peas), canola oil, corn oil, nuts, seeds,
and soy products ].
Fruits such as kiwi and mango.

Nuts are the good sources of vitamin E Limits saturated &transfats.

WHERE the best sources of alpha-tocopherol can be found?
Nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils

SOURCE
S OF
VITAMIN
E

Table 2: Selected Food Sources of Vitamin E (AlphaTocopherol)

Milligrams (mg)
Food

per serving

Percent DV*

Wheat germ oil, 1 tablespoon

20.3

100

Sunflower seeds, dry roasted,

1 ounce

7.4

37

Almonds, dry roasted, 1

ounce

6.8

34

Sunflower oil, 1 tablespoon

5.6

28

Safflower oil, 1 tablespoon

4.6

25

Hazelnuts, dry roasted, 1

ounce

4.3

22

Peanut butter, 2 tablespoons

2.9

15

Peanuts, dry roasted, 1 ounce

2.2

11

Corn oil, 1 tablespoon

1.9

10

Spinach, boiled, cup

1.9

10

Broccoli, chopped, boiled,

cup

1.2

Soybean oil, 1 tablespoon

1.1

Kiwifruit, 1 medium

1.1

Mango, sliced, cup

0.7

Tomato, raw, 1 medium

0.7

Spinach, raw, 1 cup

0.6
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminEHealthProfessional/#ref

Recommended Nutrition Intake

Age and Gender
Infants
(Boys and Girls)
0-11 months
Children
(Boys and Girls)
1-6 year
Children
(Boys and Girls)
7-9 year
Adolescent (Boys)
& Men
Adolescent (Girls)
& Women
Pregnancy &
Lactation

Amount of Vitamin per Day

3 mg

5 mg

7 mg
10 mg
7.5 mg
7.5 mg

Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Malaysia

Deficiency
WHO CANNOT ABSORB VITAMIN E?
People who cannot absorb dietary fat through the gut [due to surgery, Crohn's disease (a
chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and
ileum, associated with ulcers and fistulae) or cystic fibrosis (a hereditary
disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of
abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts,
intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection)]
Malnutrition, very low-fat diets, or genetic disorders.
Premature or very low birth weight infants and individuals with rare genetic abnormalities.
*Vitamin E supplementation is considered an effective therapy for vitamin E deficiency but
under the care of a medical professional.

Symptoms of a vitamin E deficiency include

Greasy stools
Chronic diarrhea
An inability to secrete bile

Points to Highlight
Because vitamin E is fat-soluble, it's best absorbed when taken with a
meal containing some fat.
Are there any risks associated with too much vitamin E?
Except for an anticoagulant effect, vitamin E has no known toxicity or
side effects. Vitamin E in very high doses may interfere with the
body's ability to clot blood, posing a risk to people already taking
prescribed blood thinners.
High doses of vitamin E may increase the body's vitamin K
requirement, and increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids may
increase vitamin E requirements.

Vitamins are natural and can be healthy, but they should be given the
same consideration as drugs. As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin E is
stored in the body, and excess is not washed from the body through the
urinary tract like water-soluble vitamins. It can slowly accumulate to
toxic levels. This means that a person can overdose on vitamin E.
Georgia Highlands College.

Getting vitamin E from foods doesn't seem to be dangerous. The trouble

begins when someone takes more than the recommended dosage through
supplements.
U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Too much supplemental E can cause excessive bleeding and many other
symptoms, including fatigue.
Article by nutritionist Janis Jibrin

References
Traber MG. Vitamin E. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins R, eds. Modern
Nutrition in Health and Disease. 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
2006;396-411. Retrieved 15th April 2016. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminEHealthProfessional/#ref.
Weil A., Becker B. (Oct. 29th, 2012). Supplements and Herbs : Vitamin E. Retrieved 15 th April
2016. http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART02813/facts-about-vitamin-e.
Dietitians of Canada (March 23, 2012). Food Sources of Vitamin E: Canadian Nutrient File
2010.
Retrieved
16th
April
2016.
http://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/Nutrition-AZ/Vitamins/Food-Sources-of-Vitamin-E.aspx.
Bradford A. (2015). Vitamin E: Sources, Benefits & Risks. Retrieved 16th April 2016.
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/vitamin-deficiency,dependency,-and-toxicity/vitamin-e.

THANK
YOU!