HISTORY OF CONCRETE

INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE

TYPES OF CONCRETE

HIGH STRENGHT CONCRETE

GUIDLINES FOR THE SELECTION OF MATERIALS

DIFFERENCE B/W NSC AND HSC

APPLICATION OF HSC

HISTORY OF CONCRETE:
The word concrete comes
from the Latin word
"concretus" Which means
compact or condensed.
German
archaeologist
Heinrich
Schliemann
found concrete floors,
which were made of lime
and pebbles, in the royal
palace of Tiryns, Greece,
which dates roughly to
1400-1200 BC.

Outer view of the Roman Pantheon Dom

INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE:
A building material
made from a mixture
of broken stone or
gravel, sand, cement,
and water,which can
be poured into moulds
and forms a stone-like
mass on hardening.

It is strong
in
compression and very
weak in tension.

TYPES OF CONCRETE:
Normal concrete
High Strength Concrete
High Performance Concrete
Air Entrained Concrete
Light Weight Concrete
Self Compacting Concrete
Shotcrete

HIGH STRENGHT CONCRETE:

High-strength concrete has a
strength greater than 40 MPa.

compressive

High strength concrete is made by lowering the

water cement (W/C) ratio to 0.35 or lower.
Due to low w/c ratio it causes problem of placing
,to overcome from this superplasticizer used.

Materials for High-Strength Concrete:

Cement:

Almost any ASTM portland

cement type can be used to
obtain concrete with compresive
strength up to 60 MPa.

In order to obtain higher strength

mixtures while maintaining good
workability, it is necessary to
study carefully the cement
composition
and fineness.

Aggregate:
In high-strength concrete, the aggregate
plays an important role on the strength
of concrete.
The low-water to cement ratio used in high
strength concrete causes densification in
both the matrix and interfacial transition
zone, and the aggregate may become the
weak link in the development of the mechanical
strength

Methods Of Making HSC:

Use of admixture
Use of cementitious agg
Seeding
High speed slurry mixing

Guidelines for the selection of materials:

The higher the targeted compressive strength,

the smaller the maximum size of coarse
aggregate.
Up to 70 Mpa compressive strength can be
produced with a good coarse aggregate of a
maximum size ranging from 20 to 28 mm.
To produce 100 Mpa compressive strength
aggregate with a maximum size of 10 to 20 mm
should be used.

Differences Between NSC and HSC:

In normal strength concrete, the
microcracks form when the compressive
stress reaches ~ 40% of the strength. The
cracks interconnect when the stress
reaches 80-90% of the strength
The fracture surface in NSC is rough.The
fracture develops along the transition zone
between the matrix and aggregates.
Fewer aggregate particles are broken.
The fracture surface in HSC is smooth.

APPLICATION OF HSC:
Use of HSC in column section decreases
the column size.
Use of HSC in column decreases amount
of steel required for same column.
In high rise building, use of HSC increases
the floor area for rental purpose.
In bridges,use of HSC reduces the
number of beams supporting the slab.

Example of use of HSC in bridges

Vidya Sagar Setu Bridge,Kolkatta,India