Unit 5: Equivalence in

Translation
E16/Group 4
Kiu Ngn - Hng Ngc - L Linh - Hong an

Game 1: Visual Logic

Dinosaur = Khng long

Denotative Equivalence
(Invarience Equivalence)

Text-normative
Equivalence

Pragmatic Equivalence
(Communicative Equivalence)

Formal
Equivalence
(Expressive
Equivalence)

Connotative
Equivalence
(Stylistic equivalence)

Game 2: Fill in the blank

1. Another name for formal equivalence
is __________ equivalence.
expressive

2. ________ is the relationship between

a ST and a TT that allows the TT to be
considered as a translation of the ST.
Equivalence

3. There are four types of quantitative

equivalence: one-to-one, one-to-many,
one-to-part, and _______ equivalence.
nil (zero)

5. Connotative equivalence means that

SL and TL words produce the same
________ value(s) in the mind of
native speakers of the two languages.
communicative

Game 3: True/False statements

1. Pragmatic equivalence is also called
stylistic equivalence.
False (Communicative equivalence)

2. One-to-part equivalence means that a

word in one language can correspond
to several in another language.
False (One-to-several equivalence)

3. The kind of equivalence oriented

towards the extralinguistic content of
a text is the denovative equivalence.
TRUE

4. Some kinds of document that usually

use text-normative equivalence are
legal contracts, business letters,
instructions, and scientific texts.
TRUE

5. There are 9 connotative dimensions

in connotative equivalence.
TRUE

(Some types of)

CONNOTATIVE
EQUIVALENCE
1. Speech level
2. Socially determined usage
3. Register
4. Stylistic effect
5. Evaluation & Emotion

1. Connotations of Speech level

>Text 1:
Mushu: Oh! All right, that's it! Dishonor! Dishonor
on your whole family.
Make a note of this. Dishonor on you, dishonor on
your cow...
Mulan: Stop. I'm sorry. I'm sorry.

Mushu: Oh!
All right, that's it! Dishonor!
Dishonor on your whole
family.
Make a note of this.
Dishonor on you, dishonor
on your cow...

Mushu: i!
Tht l ht ni! Nhc nh!
Nhc nh cho c gia nh
mi.
Ta s ghi s chuyn ny.
Nhc nh cho ngi, nhc
nh cho con b ca ngi,
nhc...

Mulan: Stop. I'm sorry. I'm

sorry.

Mulan: Thi i. Ti xin li.

Ti xin li.

Elavated Equivalence

>Text 2

Deadpool (DP) & Blind Al (BA)

BA: Looks aren't everything.

DP: Looks are everything!
Ever heard David Beckham
speak?
DP: It's like he mouth-sexed
a can of helium.
You think Ryan Reynolds got
this far on a superior acting
method?
BA: Love is blind, Wade.
DP: You're blind.
(Vulgar)

BA: V ngoi ko phi tt c.

DP: N l tt c y! B
tng nghe David Beckham
ni cha?
DP: Nghe nh th mm
hn pht vi 1 can y kh
heli vy/ Nghe nh th hn
va rt 1 can y kh heli
vy.
B ngh Ryan Reynolds ni
ting nh by gi v din
xut siu ng chc?
BA: Tnh yu l s m
qung, Wade .
DP: B mi m y.

2. Connotations of socially
determined usage

Student language
Military usage
Working-class language
Educated class
Aristocratic

>Text 1

>Text 1
Captain Algren:
"Hold your position!
1st Company, form a battle line on me!
2nd Company, form on 1st Company.
3rd and 4th Company, form up behind.
Fill in on command! Cover down!"
Military usage
(The Last Samurai - 2003)

i y Algren:
"Gi vng v tr!
i th nht, bm st hng sau gn ti!
i th hai bm st i th nht! i th ba
v bn bm st! Sn sng i lnh ti!
i no!"
(Ph Star Movies)

>Text 2

>Text 2
Omura: Enlightened One, we should discuss this
Emperor: Omura You have done quite enough.
Omura: Everything I have done, I have done for my
country.
Emperor: Then you will not mind when I seize your
family's assets and present them as my gift to the
people.
Omura: Honored Emperor, you disgrace me.
Emperor: If your shame is too unbearable ... I offer you
this sword.
(The Last Samurai - 2003)

Aristocratic

language

Omura: Hong thng, chng ta nn bn lun

chuyn ny
Nht hong: Omura ng lm ri y.
Omura: Tt c nhng g thn lm, thn lm v
qu hng ca mnh.
Nht hong: Vy th ng s khng bn lng khi ta
tch thu tt c ti sn ca gia nh ng v ban pht
cho nhn dn nh mt mn qu ca ta.
Omura: B h, Ngi lm nhc thn.
Nht hong: Nu ng khng th chu ni ni
nhc Ta ban cho ng thanh kim ny.
(Ph Star Movies)

3. Connotations of register
Normal usage
Technical
Medical

>Text 3
Equipment was everywherehydraulic lifts,
welding torches, hazard suits, air-spades,
forklifts, plus something that looked
suspiciously like a nuclear reaction
chamber.
(The Lost Hero Rick Riordan)

Technical usage

Dng c khp mi ni kch thy lc, n

x, cc b qun o bo h, my thi khng
kh, xe nng hng, cng thm mt vi th
trng ng ng nh mt khoang v kh ht
nhn.
(NXB Thi i 2012)

4. Connotation of stylistic effect

-

Archaic
Pompous
Artificial
Fashionable
Euphemistic
Plain
Descriptive

>Text 1: The flea

Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou denies me is;
It suckd me first, and now sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.
Thou knowst that this cannot be said
A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead;
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
And pamperd swells with one blood made of
two;
And this, alas! is more than we would do.
(John Donne)

 Main content: a man persuades his

girlfriend to sleep with him.
Stylistic effect: euphemistic
Signals:
our two bloods mingled be.
A sin, nor shame, nor loss of
maidenhead
one blood made of two

Con b cht
Hy xem ka, con b cht ch l v vn
Nhng y c iu m em chi t anh
B cht ht mu ca anh v mu ca em
Trong b cht mu ca hai chng mnh trn ln.
C mt iu ny m hai ta cn tha nhn
Chng phi li lm hay l chuyn tit trinh
Hay xu h, m c bit bao nhiu sung sng
Ni trn ln mu ca anh v mu ca em
iu ny nhiu hn nhng g m ta c nhn.
(Nguyn Vit Thng dch)

>Text 2: From To His Coy Mistress

An hundred years should go to praise
Thine eyes and on thy forehead gaze;
Two hundred to adore each breast;
But thirty thousand to the rest
(Andrew Marvell)

 Main content: the author shows his love

Stylistic effects: pompous
Signals: An hundred years
Two hundred to adore
thirty thousand to the rest

"Mt trm nm i v ca ngi,

V vng trn em, i mt nhn m ui.
Hai trm nm yu b ngc tuyt vi.
V ba mi nghn nm cho cc phn cn
li..."
(Nguyn Hong Chng dch)

5. Connotations of Evaluation
vs. Connotations of Emotion

Present
personal opinions
= Evaluative

- Positively evaluative: You

have done your best!
- Pejorative: I doubt you've
given your best though.
- Ironic: Look at that pile of
dirty clothes, surely you've
done your best.

Elicit emotions
in others
= Emotive

- Emotive: The victim was left

with horrific injuries.
- Neutral: The second man
was badly injured.

Emotion or Evaluation?
"She achieved an effect of quiet distinction (...)
You could not look at her without being struck by
her modesty. It shone in her like a flower on a
coat."
(Mr. Know-All; Somerset Maugham)

Positive Evaluation
"B y to c n tng v s nh nhn, gin d (...)
Bn khng th nhn b ta m khng b ci c khim
nhng ca b ta li cun. c tnh y chiu ri vo b
ta nh bng hoa trn tm o chong vy."
(ng Bit Tut; bn dch ti vanchuongviet.blogspot.com)

Emotion or Evaluation?
"Moloch the incomprehensible
prison!
Moloch the crossbone soulless
jailhouse and Congress of
sorrows!
Moloch whose buildings are
judgment!
Moloch the vast stone of war!
Moloch the stunned
governments!"
(Howl; Allen Ginsberg)

Emotive Emotion

"Moloch nh t khng hiu

ni!
Moloch ngc tht v hn
xng cho v Quc hi ca
bun au!
Moloch cc cao c ca ngi
l s phn quyt!
Moloch tng ca chin
tranh!
Moloch nhng chnh ph
chong vng!"
(H; Hong Hng dch)

Emotion or Evaluation?
"I felt pretty sure that a closer inspection of that
British passport would have betrayed the fact that
Mr.Kelada was born under a bluer sky than is
generally seen in England."
(Mr. Know-All; Somerset Maugham)

Ironic Evaluation
"Ti trm ngh rng nu kim tra k lng tm h chiu
Anh quc y th c l s l ty chuyn Qu ng Kelada
trc y ra i di mt bu tri xanh hn ci bu tri
u m thng thy nc Anh."
(ng Bit Tut; bn dch ti vanchuongviet)

Question?