MICROSTRIP LOW PASS

FILTER DESIGN

PRESENTED BY:
SAKSHI KOUL
2013EMC13

Use of microstrip in the design of microwave

components and IC s has gained tremendous

popularity
Microstrips:
Can Operate in a wide range of frequencies
Is Lightweight
Easy to fabricate and integrate in a cost

effective way

DESIGN STEPS
Design specifications:
Input and output are matched to 50 ohm

impedance
Cut off frequency: 2.4 GHz;
Maximally Flat Low pass filter
Steps for practical filter realization
Select the normalized filter parameters
according to the design criteria
Replace the inductances and capacitances by
o/8 transmission lines

Convert series stub lines to shunt stub lines

using Kurodas identities

Denormalise and select equivalent microstrip
lines
( Length , Width and dielectric Constant)

Coefficients for Maximally Flat Low pass filter

(N = 1 to 10)

The normalized low pass filter is given as:

STEP 1:
The order of the filter

is 3
Coefficients from the

Table:
g1=1=L1
g2=2=C2
g3=1=L3

STEP 2:
The inductances and capacitances are replaced by open

and short circuit series and shunt stubs.

The characteristic line impedances and admittances are
Z1 =g1; Y2=g2; Z3=g3
STEP 3:
Convert all series connected short-circuited stubs into

shunt connected open-circuited stubs

A:We introduce two unit elements on the input and
output ends of the filter.
B: No effect on filter performances since they are

matched to source and load impedances

C: We finally arrive at the realizable filter design

Introduction of unit elements

UNIT ELEMENTS
For converting lumped components into

transmission line sections, we insert unit

elements (UEs).

KURODAS IDENTITIES
Convert a practically difficult to implement

design to a more suitable filter realization

To facilitate the conversion between various

transmission line realizations Kuroda developed

four identities.

Realizable Filter Circuit obtained by Converting

series and shunt stubs using Kurodas Identities

STEP 4:
De-normalization involves scaling the unit

elements to the 50 ohm input and output

impedances and computing the length of the
lines based on formulas.

MICROSTRIP BASICS:
Microstrip transmission line consists of a thin

conductor strip over a dielectric substrate

along with a ground plate at the bottom of the
Dielectric

The width of the conducting strip (W) together

with the dielectric constant and the thickness

of the substrate (h) determines the
characteristic impedance Zo of the line
They dont support pure TEM waves
The magnetic and electric field also contain a
longitudinal component, and their propagation
velocity is dependent on the physical
dimensions of the Microstrip as well.
If this longitudinal component << transverse
component then the microstrip line can be
approx. to TEM model. Also called Quasi TEM
approximation.

Microstrip Lines - Transmission Line Parameters

W/h 1:
Characteristic Impedance(Zc)
Wave Impedence in free space:

Effective Dielectric Constant (re)

W/h 1:
Characteristic Impedance(Zc)
Effective Dielectric Constant (re)

For W/h2

For W/h 2

Lumped Elements to Microstrip Transform

Tool used:
The tool used is the ANSoft Tool.
Here, we input the required frequency and
order of the
filter into the tool that gives us the Filter design
in the form
of lumped parameters
Ansoft Designer is a very powerful microwave
simulator.
It further gives us the Microstrip filter design
of required

Layout of Microstrip Lowpass Filter at 2.4 Ghz

S21 and S11 parameter response for the designed

microstrip low pass filter

Insertion Loss and Return Loss

Response

Thank you