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Topic 1 The World

Through Our Senses

1.1 Sensory Organs

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sensory Organs
Sensory Organs
Very important
To detect changes around us

Sensory
organs

ITeach Science Form 2

Tongue

To taste

Ear

To hear

Skin

To touch

Nose

To smell

Eye

To see

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Organ Deria
Organ Deria
Sangat penting
Untuk mengesan perubahan disekeliling kita

Organ
Deria

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Lidah

Untuk
merasa

Telinga

Untuk
mendengar

Kulit

Untuk
menyentuh

Nose

Untuk
menghidu

Eye

Untuk
melihat

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sensory Organs
Pathway
PathwayFrom
FromStimulus
StimulusTo
ToResponse
Response

Stimulus

Receptors in
sensory organs

Response

Effectors (e.g.
muscles,
glands)

ITeach Science Form 2

Nerve
impulses

Nerve
impulses

Nerves

Nerves

Nerve
impulses

Nerve
impulses

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Organ Deria
Laluan
LaluanDari
DariRangsangan
RangsanganKe
KeGerak
GerakBalas
Balas

Rangsangan

Gerak balas

ITeach Sains Tingkaran 2

Reseptor
dalam organ
deria

Efektor (cth:
otot, kelenjar)

Impuls
saraf

Impuls
saraf

Saraf

Saraf

Impuls
saraf

Impuls
saraf

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.2 Sense of Touch

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Touch
Human Skin

Largest organ in the body

ITeach Sains Form 2

Can detect changes in


temperature, pain, touch
and pressure

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Sentuh
Kulit Manusia

Organ terbesar di dalam


tubuh

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Boleh mengesan sebarang


perubahan suhu, sakit,
sentuhan dan tekanan

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Touch
Skin Structure

Epidermis
(Outer Layer)
Waterproof

Dermis
(Inner layer)

Hair
Touch receptor

Heat
receptor

Contains :

Blood vessels

Epidermis

Sweat glands

Tough

Act as a
protective layer

Dermis
Fatty layer

Pain receptor

Sweat gland

Blood
vessel
ITeach Sains Form 2

Cold receptor
Pressure receptor

Receptors

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Rasa
Struktur Kulit

Epidermis
(Lapisan luar)
Tahan air

Dermis
(Lapisan dalam)

Rambut
Reseptor
sentuhan

Reseptor
haba

Mengandungi :
Salur darah

Kuat

Dermis

Kelenjar peluh

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Lapisan lemak

Reseptor sakit

Salur
darah

Kelenjar peluh

Epidermis

Bertindak
sebagai lapisan
pelindung

Reseptor sejuk
Reseptor tekanan

Receptor

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Touch
Differs at different parts of
the body

Sensitivity
Sensitivityof
ofskin
skin

Depends on

Thickness of epidermis

ITeach Science Form 2

Number of receptors

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Sentuh
Berbeza pada bahagian
badan yang berlainan

Kepekaan
Kepekaankulit
kulit

Bergantung kepada

Ketebalan epidermis

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Bilangan reseptor

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Touch
Parts
PartsSensitive
SensitiveTo
ToTouch
Touch

More sensitive to touch

Less sensitive to touch

Lips

Elbow

Behind of the ears

Knee

Fingertips

Palm of the hand

The back of neck

Buttocks

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Sentuh
Bahagian
BahagianBadan
BadanYang
YangSensitif
SensitifKepada
KepadaSentuhan
Sentuhan

Lebih sensitif kepada


sentuhan

Kurang sensitif kepada


sentuhan

Bibir

Siku

Belakang telinga

Lutut

Hujung jari

Tapak tangan

Belakang leher

Punggung

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.3 Sense of Smell

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Smell
Nose
Nose
Helps
Helpsbreathing
breathingand
andsmelling
smelling

Nerve from the


brain
Sensory cell
Nasal cavity

Nostril
Air current

ITeach Sains Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Bau
Hidung
Hidung
Membantu
Membantupernafasan
pernafasandan
danmenghidu
menghidubau
bau

Saraf ke
otak

Sel deria
Rongga
hidung

Lubang
hidung
Aliran udara

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Smell
Pathway
Pathwayof
ofSmell
SmellDetection
Detection

Chemicals in
vapour form enters
nasal cavity

Chemicals
dissolves in mucous
lining and
stimulates receptors

Smell is identified

Brain interprets the


impulse

ITeach Sains Form 2

Nerve
impulse

Brain

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Bau
Laluan
LaluanPengesanan
PengesananBau
Bau

Bahan kimia dalam


bentuk wap masuk
ke rongga hidung

Bahan kimia
melarut dalam
lapisan mukus dan
merangsangkan
reseptor

Bau dikenal pasti

Otak mentafsir
impuls

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Impuls
saraf

Otak

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Smell

Sensitivity
Sensitivityof
ofNose
Nose

Depends on

The
Thestrength
strengthofofsmell
smell

ITeach Science Form 2

The
Thepresence
presenceofofmucous
mucous

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Bau

Kepekaan
KepekaanHidung
Hidung

Bergantung kepada

Kekuatan
Kekuatanbau
bau

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Kehadiran
Kehadiranmukus
mukus

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.4 Sense of Taste

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Taste
Sweet
Sour
Tongue

To detect taste
Bitter
Salty

Bitter (bitter gourd, black


coffee without sugar)
Sour

Sour (lime, vinegar)

Salty

Salty (salt)

Sweet (honey, ice-cream)


ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Rasa
Manis

Lidah

Untuk
mengesan rasa

Masam
Pahit
Masin

Pahit (peria, kopi tanpa gula)

Masam

Masam (limau, cuka)

Masin

Masin (garam)

Manis (madu, aiskrim)


ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Taste
The
Thepathway
pathwayof
ofTaste
TasteDetection
Detection

Food is chewed

Chemicals from
food dissolves in
saliva and
stimulates
receptors in taste
bud

Taste is identified

Brain interprets the


taste

ITeach Science Form 2

Nerve
impulse

Brain

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Rasa
Laluan
LaluanPengesanan
PengesananRasa
Rasa

Makanan dikunyah

Bahan kimia
daripada makanan
larut dalam air liur
dan
merangsangkan
reseptor dalam
tunas rasa

Rasa dikenal pasti

Otak mentafsirkan
rasa

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Impuls
saraf

Otak

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.5 Sense of Hearing

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Hearing
Helps to hear

Ear
Ear
Consists of 3 main parts

Outer ear
Ossicles
Eardrum
Pinna

Auditory canal
ITeach Science Form 2

Middle ear

Inner ear
Semicircular
canals
Auditory
nerve
Cochlea
Eustachian tube

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Pendengaran
Membantu pendengaran

Telinga
Telinga
Terdiri daripada 3 bahagian

Telinga luar

Telinga tengah

Telinga dalam
Salur separa
bulat

Osikel

Saraf auditori
Gegendang telinga
Cuping
telinga
Salur auditori
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Koklea

Telinga
Luar

Telinga
Tengah

Telinga
Dalam

Tiub Eustachio

Outer Ear
Structure :
Function/Explanation

Pinna

Made of cartilage and skin and shaped like a funnel. It


collects and directs sounds into the ear canal.
Ear canal
A long tube lined with hairs. It directs sounds to the
eardrum.

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Hearing
Hearing Mechanism

(a) Pinna

(b) Auditory
canal

(c) Eardrum

Brain

(f) Auditory
nerves

(e) Cochlea

ITeach Science Form 2

(d) Ossicles

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Pendengaran
Mekanisme Pendengaran

Telinga
Dalam

Telinga Luar

Telinga Tengah

(a) Cuping
telinga

(b) Salur
auditori

Otak

(f) Saraf
auditori

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

(c) Gegendang
telinga
(e) Koklea

(d) Osikel

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.6 Sense of Sight

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Sight
Helps to see

Human Eye

Ciliary body
Slightly flattened ball
Conjunctiva
The front of eye
Sunspensory
ligaments
protected by eyelid

is

Choroid
Sclera
Choroid

The Eyeball is made of 3


Iris
layers
Cornea

Ciliary body

Pupil

Sclera

Conjunctiva

Retina
Retina
Yellow spot
(fovea)
Blind spot

Suspensory
Aqueous
ligaments
Iris

humour

Vitreous
humour

Sclera

Choroid
Eye muscle

Retina

Cornea

Yellow spot (fovea)

Pupil

Blind spot

Aqueous
humour
Vitreous
humour
ITeach Science Form 2

Optic nerve

Optic nerve
Eye muscle

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Penglihatan

Mata
manusia

Membenarkan kita untuk


melihat
Jasad silia
Bola yang agak pipih
Konjunktiva
Bahagian hadapan mata
Ligamen penggantung
dilindungi kelopak mata

Koroid
Sklera
Koroid

Bola mata terdiri daripada


Iris
3 lapisan
Kornea

Jasad silia

Anak KonjunKtiva
mata
Ligamen
Gelemair
penggantung
Iris

Gelemaca

Sklera

Saraf optik
Retina
Bintik kuning (fovea)
Bintik buta

Gelemair
Gelemaca

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Retina
Retina
Bintik kuning
(fovea)
Bintik buta

Otot mata Koroid

Kornea
Anak
mata

Sklera

Saraf optik
Otot mata

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Sight
Structures and Functions of Human Eye
Sclera - Protects and maintains the shape of
the eyeball
Cornea - Allows light to enter the eye and
focuses it on the retina
Lens - Refracts and focuses the light to form an
image on the retina
Choroid - Supplies food and oxygen to the eye,
absorb and avoid light reflection in eye

Ciliary body
Conjunctiva
Sunspensory
ligaments
Iris

Sclera

Choroid
Retina
Yellow spot (fovea)
Blind spot

Cornea
Pupil
Aqueous
humour

Vitreous
humour

Optic nerve
Eye muscle

Pupil - Controls amount of light to enter the eye


Suspensory ligament - Supports and holds the
lens in place
Ciliary muscle - Changes the thickness of the
lens
Aqueous humour - Refracts and focuses the
light entering the eye

Vitreous humour - Maintains the shape of the eye


- Refracts light onto the retina
- Disperses and focuses image
on the retina
Yellow spot - Most sensitive to light where object
seen will be focused here

Conjunctiva - Protects the cornea

Blind spot - Not sensitive to light

Retina - Detects light stimulus and changes it into Iris - Controls the size of pupil and amount of light
nerve impulses
entering the eye
ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Penglihatan
Struktur Dan Fungsi Mata Manusia
Sklera Melindungi dan mengekalkan bentuk
mata
Kornea Membenarkan cahaya memasuki
mata dan memfokusnya pada retina
Kanta Membias dan memfokus cahaya untuk
Membentuk imej pada retina
Koroid Membekalkan makanan dan oksigen
kepada mata, menyerap dan mengelakkan
pantulan cahaya dalam mata
Anak mata Mengawal jumlah cahaya yang
memasuki mata
Ligamen penggantung Menyokong dan
memegang kanta

Jasad silia
Konjunktiva
Ligamen
penggantung
Iris

Sklera

Koroid
Retina
Bintik kuing (fovea)
Bintik buta

Kornea
Anak
mata Gelemair
Gelamaca

Saraf optik
Otot mata

Gelemair Membias dan memfokus cahaya


yang memasuki mata

Gelemaca - Mengekalkan bentuk mata


- Membias cahaya ke atas retina
- Menyebar dan memfokus imej pada
retina
Bintik kuning Paling peka cahaya di mana objek
yang dilihat difokuskan di sini

Konjunktiva - Melindungi kornea

Bintik buta Tidak peka cahaya

Retina Mengesan cahaya dan mengubahnya


kepada impuls saraf

Iris Mengawal saiz anak mata dan jumlah


cahaya yang memasuki mata

Otot silia Mengubah ketebalan kanta

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Sight
The Sight Mechanism
Object
reflects or
gives out light
Vitreous
humour

light travels through

Cornea

focuses the light


rays

Lens

sensitive to light
rays

Optic nerve

refracts light

Aqueous
humour

refracts light
controls the amount
of light
Pupil

refracts light
Retina

sends impulses

Brain

Interprets the message


Light rays from object
In upright position
Image
Real
Inverted
Diminished
ITeach Science Form 2

Object
is seen

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Penglihatan
Mekanisma Penglihatan
Objek
memantul atau
mengeluarkan
cahaya

cahaya bergerak
melalui

Gelemaca

Kornea

membias cahaya

Gelemair

membias cahaya
memfokus sinar
cahaya

Kanta

mengawal kuantiti
cahaya

Anak mata

membias cahaya
Retina

peka cahaya

Saraf optik

Menghantar impuls

Otak

Mentafsir masej
Sinar cahaya daripada objek
Dalam kedudukan tegak
Imej
Nyata
Songsang
Kecil
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Objek
dilihat

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sense of Sight

How do we see?

ITeach Science Form 2

To see clearly, light rays has to be


focused onto the retina.
Hence, the lens change its thickness by
the action of the ciliary body.

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Deria Penglihatan
Untuk melihat dengan jelas, sinar
cahaya mesti difokuskan pada retina
Bagaimana kita melihat?
Maka, kanta mengubah ketebalannya
melalui tindakan jasad silia

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.7 Light and Sight

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight

Light
Light

A form of energy.

Travels in straight line at the speed of 3 x 108 m/s.

Can be reflected light bounces off the surface of an


object.
Can be refracted light bends when it enters a medium
of different density.

reflection
ITeach Science Form 2

refraction

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan

Cahaya
Cahaya

Satu bentuk tenaga.

Bergerak dalam garis lurus pada kelajuan 3 x 108 m/s.

Boleh dipantulkan cahaya terpantul pada permukaan


objek
Boleh dibiaskan cahaya membengkok apabila
memasuki medium berlainan ketumpatan

Pantulan cahaya
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Pembiasan cahaya

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight


Happen when image is not formed on the
retina

Vision
Defects

Shortsightedness

Longsightedness

ITeach Science Form 2

Astigmatism

Colourblindness

Presbyopia

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan


Berlaku apabila cahaya tidak difokus
dengan tepat pada retina

Kecacatan
Penglihatan

Rabun jauh

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Rabun dekat

Astigmatisme

Buta warna

Presbyopia

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight


Short-Sightedness
Short-Sightedness
Lens too thick
Rays from
distant object

Image is focused in
front of the retina
Eyeball too long
Rays from
distant object

ITeach Science Form 2

Concave lens

Sharp image is
formed on the retina

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan


Rabun
RabunJauh
Jauh(Myopia)
(Myopia)
Kanta terlalu tebal
Sinar dari
objek jauh

Imej difokus di
hadapan retina
Bola mata terlalu
panjang
Sinar dari
objek jauh

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Kanta cekung

Imej tajam terbentuk


pada retina

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight


Long-Sightedness
Long-Sightedness
Lens too thin
Rays from
near object

Eyeball too short

Rays from
near object

ITeach Science Form 2

Light is not focused


on the retina and the
image is formed
behind the retina

Sharp image is
Convex lens formed on the
retina

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan


Rabun
RabunDekat
Dekat(Hypermetropia)
(Hypermetropia)
Kanta terlalu nipis
Sinar dari
objek sekat

Bola mata terlalu


pendek

Sinar dari
objek sekat

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Cahaya tidak difokus


pada retina dan imej
terbentuk di belakang
retina

Kanta
cembung

Imej tajam
terbentuk pada
retina

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight

Due
Duetotoreduce
reducenumber
numberofofcolour
colourreceptors
receptors
or
or

Due
Duetotodefects
defectsofofcolour
colourreceptors
receptors
Colour
Colour
Blindness
Blindness

Not
Not able
able toto differentiate
differentiate some
some or
or all
all
colours
colours

Cannot
Cannotbe
becorrected
corrected

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan

Disebabkan
Disebabkan oleh
oleh kekurangan
kekurangan bilangan
bilangan
reseptor
reseptorwarna
warnaatau
atau

Disebabkan
Disebabkan oleh
oleh kecacatan
kecacatan reseptor
reseptor
warna
warna
Buta
ButaWarna
Warna

Tidak
Tidak dapat
dapat membezakan
membezakan sesetengah
sesetengah
atau
semua
warna
atau semua warna

Tidak
Tidakboleh
bolehdiperbetulkan
diperbetulkan

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight

Astigmatism
Astigmatism

Due
to
irregular
curvature of cornea or
lens

Causes blur vision

Can be corrected with


cylindrical lenses

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan

Astigmatisme
Astigmatisme

Disebabkan permukaan
kornea atau kanta yang
tidak sekata

Menyebabkan
penglihatan kabur

Boleh
diperbetulkan
dengan menggunakan
kanta silinder

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight

Brain cannot
correctly

interpret

Optical illusions
Brain is confused by
conditions around the
object

Limitations of
Sight

Blind spot

ITeach Science Form 2

Images fall on the parts


without photo receptors

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan

Otak
tidak
dapat
mentafsir dengan betul
Ilusi optik
Otak
keliru
keadaan di
objek

dengan
sekeliling

Had Penglihatan

Bintik buta

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Imej jatuh pada bintik


buta iaitu bahagian pada
retina
yang
tidak
mempunyai fotoreseptor

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Light and Sight


Stereoscopic and Monoscopic
Vision

Stereoscopic
Vision

Monoscopic
Vision

3
dimensional
image
Can
estimate
distance
and
position accurately
Example : Human,
cat

Visual fields
overlap

Have wide field of


vision

Example : fish, bird

Narrow vision field or each eye

Visual field
of right eye

Visual field
of left eye
Overlapping
visual field

Wide angle of vision for


each eye

not

No overlapping visual fields


ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Cahaya Dan Penglihatan


Penglihatan Stereoskopik Dan
Monokular

Penglihatan
Stereoskopik

Imej 3 dimensi

Menganggar jarak
dan
kedudukan
dengan tepat

Penglihatan
Monokular

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Contoh : Manusia,
kucing

Medan penglihatan
tidak bertindih

Medan penglihatan
luas

Contoh
burung

Medan penglihatan sempit bagi


kedua-dua mata

Medan
penglihatan
mata kanan

Medan
penglihatan
mata kiri

Pertindihan
medan
penglihatan
Medan penglihatan luas bagi
kedua-dua mata

ikan,
Tiada pertindihan medan penglihatan

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.8 Sound and Hearing

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sound and Hearing

Sound
Sound
A form of energy produced by
vibrations
Sound needs a medium to
travel
Sound travels fastest in solid,
slowest in air
Sound can be reflected
Sound can be absorbed
Sound is best absorbed by
soft,
hollow
and
rough
surfaces. Example pillow,
sponge
ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Bunyi Dan Pendengaran

Bunyi
Bunyi

Satu bentuk tenaga


dihasilkan oleh getaran

yang

Bunyi memerlukan medium


untuk bergerak
Bunyi bergerak paling laju
melalui pepejal, paling lambat
melalui udara
Bunyi boleh dipantulkan
Bunyi boleh diserap
Permukaan yang lembut,
kasar
dan
berongga
merupakan penyerap bunyi
yang paling baik. Contoh
bantal, span
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sound and Hearing

Deafness

Hearing
Defects

Damage to the
hearing centre of
the brain

ITeach Science Form 2

Tearing
eardrum

Damage to the
auditory nerves

of

Infection of the
ossicles

Damage to the
sensory cells of
cochlea

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Bunyi Dan Pendengaran

Pekak

Kecacatan
Pendengara
n

Kerosakan pusat
pendengaran di
otak

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Gegendang
telinga terkoyak

Kerosakan saraf
auditori

Jangkitan
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Kerosakan sel
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Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sound and Hearing


Limitations of Hearing

Microphone : transmit loud


sound over a distance

The hearing range for human


is 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz

Hearing-aid : amplify sound

Stethoscope : listen to heart


beat

Devices to help hearing

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Bunyi Dan Pendengaran


Had Pendengaran
Julat
pendengran
bagi
manusia ialah 20 Hz to 20 000
Hz
Alat
untuk
membantu
pendengaran

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Mikrofon
:
Menghantar
bunyi kuat ke jarak jarak
jauh

Alat
bantu
dengar
menguatkan bunyi

Stetoskop : mendengar
bunyi denyutan jantung

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Sound and Hearing

Able to hear with both ears


Stereophonic
Stereophonic
Hearing
Hearing
Able to determine direction of sound

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Bunyi Dan Pendengaran

Kebolehan mendengar dengan


kedua-dua belah telinga
Pendengaran
Pendengaran
Stereofonik
Stereofonik
Kebolehan menentukan arah bunyi

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World


Through Our Senses

1.9 Stimuli and Responses In Plant

ITeach Science Form 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Stimuli and Responses In Plant

Plants respond to stimuli like water, gravity,


light, touch, temperature and chemicals.

Stimuli and
Responses In Plants

Plant respond by growing in certain directions


called tropisms.

Plants respond slower and lasts longer


compare to humans response.

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Rangsangan Dan Gerak Balas Dalam Tumbuhan

Tumbuhan
bergerak
balas
terhadap
rangsangan seperti air, graviti, cahaya, suhu
dan bahan kimia.

Rangsangan dan
gerak balas dalam
tumbuhan

Tumbuhan
bergerak
balas
terhadap
rangsangan luar melalui pertumbuhan ke
arah tertentu. Gerak balas ini dipanggil
tropisme

Tumbuhan bergerak balas lebih perlahan dan


kekal lama berbanding gerak balas manusia.

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 1 The World Through Our Senses

Stimuli and Responses In Plant


Type of Response in Plants
Cucumber plant

Nastic movement

mimosa pudica plant folds it leaves


when touched
Hydrotropism response to water

Tendril
curls
around
support

roots grow towards water

Geotropism response to gravity

roots grow downwards

shoots grow upwards

Phototropism response to light

shoots grow toward light

Thigmotropism response to touch


or contact with a solid structure
Plants with weak stem wrap
their tendrils around a
supporting structure
ITeach Science Form 2

Maize plant grow


towards light

Water

Topik 1 Dunia Melalui Deria Kita

Rangsangan Dan Gerak Balas Dalam Tumbuhan


Jenis- Jenis Gerak Balas
Tumbuhan
Tumbuhan timun

Pergerakan nastik

Daun pokok semalu menutup serta


merta apabila disentuh
Hidrotropisme gerak balas
terhadap air
Akar tumbuh ke arah air

Salur paut
melingkari
sokongan

Geotropisme gerak balas


terhadap graviti
Akar tumbuh ke bawah

Pucuk tumbuh ke atas

Fototropisme gerak balas


terhadap cahaya
Pucuk tumbuh ke arah cahaya
Tigmotropisme gerak balas
terhadap sentuhan atau apabila
bersentuh dengan objek
Tumbuhan berbatang lembut
melilitkan
salur
paut
disekeliling struktur sokongan
ITeach Science Form 2

Pucuk
pokok
jagung tumbuh ke
arah cahaya

Air

TROPISM
Type of
response

Geotropism

Hydrotropis
m

Thigmotropi
sm

light

gravity

water

touch

Response of
roots

negative

positive

positive

Response of
shoot

positive

negative

negative

Type of
stimulus

Phototropis
m

phototropisme

GEOTROPISM

The End

i - Teach

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